Merge pull request #2145 from sipa/checkcoins

Coin database checks

src/init.cpp

@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ std::string HelpMessage()
         "  -rescan                " + _("Rescan the block chain for missing wallet transactions") + "\n" +
         "  -salvagewallet         " + _("Attempt to recover private keys from a corrupt wallet.dat") + "\n" +
         "  -checkblocks=<n>       " + _("How many blocks to check at startup (default: 2500, 0 = all)") + "\n" +
-        "  -checklevel=<n>        " + _("How thorough the block verification is (0-6, default: 1)") + "\n" +
+        "  -checklevel=<n>        " + _("How thorough the block verification is (0-4, default: 3)") + "\n" +
         "  -loadblock=<file>      " + _("Imports blocks from external blk000??.dat file") + "\n" +
         "  -reindex               " + _("Rebuild blockchain index from current blk000??.dat files") + "\n" +
 
@@ -752,7 +752,10 @@ bool AppInit2()
         pblocktree->WriteReindexing(true);
 
     if (!LoadBlockIndex())
-        return InitError(_("Error loading blkindex.dat"));
+        return InitError(_("Error loading block/coin databases"));
+
+    if (!VerifyDB())
+        return InitError(_("Corrupted database detected. Please restart the client with -reindex."));
 
     // as LoadBlockIndex can take several minutes, it's possible the user
     // requested to kill bitcoin-qt during the last operation. If so, exit.

src/main.cpp

@@ -1464,23 +1464,24 @@ bool CTransaction::ClientCheckInputs() const
 
 
 
-bool CBlock::DisconnectBlock(CBlockIndex *pindex, CCoinsViewCache &view)
+bool CBlock::DisconnectBlock(CBlockIndex *pindex, CCoinsViewCache &view, bool *pfClean)
 {
     assert(pindex == view.GetBestBlock());
 
+    if (pfClean)
+        *pfClean = false;
+
+    bool fClean = true;
+
     CBlockUndo blockUndo;
-    {
     CDiskBlockPos pos = pindex->GetUndoPos();
     if (pos.IsNull())
         return error("DisconnectBlock() : no undo data available");
-        FILE *file = OpenUndoFile(pos, true);
-        if (file == NULL)
-            return error("DisconnectBlock() : undo file not available");
-        CAutoFile fileUndo(file, SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
-        fileUndo >> blockUndo;
-    }
+    if (!blockUndo.ReadFromDisk(pos, pindex->pprev->GetBlockHash()))
+        return error("DisconnectBlock() : failure reading undo data");
 
-    assert(blockUndo.vtxundo.size() + 1 == vtx.size());
+    if (blockUndo.vtxundo.size() + 1 != vtx.size())
+        return error("DisconnectBlock() : block and undo data inconsistent");
 
     // undo transactions in reverse order
     for (int i = vtx.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
@@ -1488,13 +1489,15 @@ bool CBlock::DisconnectBlock(CBlockIndex *pindex, CCoinsViewCache &view)
         uint256 hash = tx.GetHash();
 
         // check that all outputs are available
-        if (!view.HaveCoins(hash))
-            return error("DisconnectBlock() : outputs still spent? database corrupted");
+        if (!view.HaveCoins(hash)) {
+            fClean = fClean && error("DisconnectBlock() : outputs still spent? database corrupted");
+            view.SetCoins(hash, CCoins());
+        }
         CCoins &outs = view.GetCoins(hash);
 
         CCoins outsBlock = CCoins(tx, pindex->nHeight);
         if (outs != outsBlock)
-            return error("DisconnectBlock() : added transaction mismatch? database corrupted");
+            fClean = fClean && error("DisconnectBlock() : added transaction mismatch? database corrupted");
 
         // remove outputs
         outs = CCoins();
@@ -1502,24 +1505,27 @@ bool CBlock::DisconnectBlock(CBlockIndex *pindex, CCoinsViewCache &view)
         // restore inputs
         if (i > 0) { // not coinbases
             const CTxUndo &txundo = blockUndo.vtxundo[i-1];
-            assert(txundo.vprevout.size() == tx.vin.size());
+            if (txundo.vprevout.size() != tx.vin.size())
+                return error("DisconnectBlock() : transaction and undo data inconsistent");
             for (unsigned int j = tx.vin.size(); j-- > 0;) {
                 const COutPoint &out = tx.vin[j].prevout;
                 const CTxInUndo &undo = txundo.vprevout[j];
                 CCoins coins;
                 view.GetCoins(out.hash, coins); // this can fail if the prevout was already entirely spent
-                if (coins.IsPruned()) {
-                    if (undo.nHeight == 0)
-                        return error("DisconnectBlock() : undo data doesn't contain tx metadata? database corrupted");
+                if (undo.nHeight != 0) {
+                    // undo data contains height: this is the last output of the prevout tx being spent
+                    if (!coins.IsPruned())
+                        fClean = fClean && error("DisconnectBlock() : undo data overwriting existing transaction");
+                    coins = CCoins();
                     coins.fCoinBase = undo.fCoinBase;
                     coins.nHeight = undo.nHeight;
                     coins.nVersion = undo.nVersion;
                 } else {
-                    if (undo.nHeight != 0)
-                        return error("DisconnectBlock() : undo data contains unneeded tx metadata? database corrupted");
+                    if (coins.IsPruned())
+                        fClean = fClean && error("DisconnectBlock() : undo data adding output to missing transaction");
                 }
                 if (coins.IsAvailable(out.n))
-                    return error("DisconnectBlock() : prevout output not spent? database corrupted");
+                    fClean = fClean && error("DisconnectBlock() : undo data overwriting existing output");
                 if (coins.vout.size() < out.n+1)
                     coins.vout.resize(out.n+1);
                 coins.vout[out.n] = undo.txout;
@@ -1532,7 +1538,12 @@ bool CBlock::DisconnectBlock(CBlockIndex *pindex, CCoinsViewCache &view)
     // move best block pointer to prevout block
     view.SetBestBlock(pindex->pprev);
 
+    if (pfClean) {
+        *pfClean = fClean;
         return true;
+    } else {
+        return fClean;
+    }
 }
 
 void static FlushBlockFile()
@@ -1651,9 +1662,9 @@ bool CBlock::ConnectBlock(CBlockIndex* pindex, CCoinsViewCache &view, bool fJust
     {
         if (pindex->GetUndoPos().IsNull()) {
             CDiskBlockPos pos;
-            if (!FindUndoPos(pindex->nFile, pos, ::GetSerializeSize(blockundo, SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION) + 8))
+            if (!FindUndoPos(pindex->nFile, pos, ::GetSerializeSize(blockundo, SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION) + 40))
                 return error("ConnectBlock() : FindUndoPos failed");
-            if (!blockundo.WriteToDisk(pos))
+            if (!blockundo.WriteToDisk(pos, pindex->pprev->GetBlockHash()))
                 return error("ConnectBlock() : CBlockUndo::WriteToDisk failed");
 
             // update nUndoPos in block index
@@ -2377,36 +2388,77 @@ bool static LoadBlockIndexDB()
         BlockHashStr(hashBestChain).c_str(), nBestHeight,
         DateTimeStrFormat("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", pindexBest->GetBlockTime()).c_str());
 
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool VerifyDB() {
+    if (pindexBest == NULL || pindexBest->pprev == NULL)
+        return true;
+
     // Verify blocks in the best chain
-    int nCheckLevel = GetArg("-checklevel", 1);
+    int nCheckLevel = GetArg("-checklevel", 3);
     int nCheckDepth = GetArg( "-checkblocks", 2500);
     if (nCheckDepth == 0)
         nCheckDepth = 1000000000; // suffices until the year 19000
     if (nCheckDepth > nBestHeight)
         nCheckDepth = nBestHeight;
+    nCheckLevel = std::max(0, std::min(4, nCheckLevel));
     printf("Verifying last %i blocks at level %i\n", nCheckDepth, nCheckLevel);
-    CBlockIndex* pindexFork = NULL;
+    CCoinsViewCache coins(*pcoinsTip, true);
+    CBlockIndex* pindexState = pindexBest;
+    CBlockIndex* pindexFailure = NULL;
+    int nGoodTransactions = 0;
     for (CBlockIndex* pindex = pindexBest; pindex && pindex->pprev; pindex = pindex->pprev)
     {
         if (fRequestShutdown || pindex->nHeight < nBestHeight-nCheckDepth)
             break;
         CBlock block;
+        // check level 0: read from disk
         if (!block.ReadFromDisk(pindex))
-            return error("LoadBlockIndex() : block.ReadFromDisk failed");
+            return error("VerifyDB() : *** block.ReadFromDisk failed at %d, hash=%s", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString().c_str());
         // check level 1: verify block validity
-        if (nCheckLevel>0 && !block.CheckBlock())
-        {
-            printf("LoadBlockIndex() : *** found bad block at %d, hash=%s\n", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString().c_str());
-            pindexFork = pindex->pprev;
-        }
-        // TODO: stronger verifications
+        if (nCheckLevel >= 1 && !block.CheckBlock())
+            return error("VerifyDB() : *** found bad block at %d, hash=%s\n", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString().c_str());
+        // check level 2: verify undo validity
+        if (nCheckLevel >= 2 && pindex) {
+            CBlockUndo undo;
+            CDiskBlockPos pos = pindex->GetUndoPos();
+            if (!pos.IsNull()) {
+                if (!undo.ReadFromDisk(pos, pindex->pprev->GetBlockHash()))
+                    return error("VerifyDB() : *** found bad undo data at %d, hash=%s\n", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString().c_str());
+            }
+        }
+        // check level 3: check for inconsistencies during memory-only disconnect of tip blocks
+        if (nCheckLevel >= 3 && pindex == pindexState && (coins.GetCacheSize() + pcoinsTip->GetCacheSize()) <= 2*nCoinCacheSize + 32000) {
+            bool fClean = true;
+            if (!block.DisconnectBlock(pindex, coins, &fClean))
+                return error("VerifyDB() : *** irrecoverable inconsistency in block data at %d, hash=%s", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString().c_str());
+            pindexState = pindex->pprev;
+            if (!fClean) {
+                nGoodTransactions = 0;
+                pindexFailure = pindex;
+            } else
+                nGoodTransactions += block.vtx.size();
+        }
+    }
+    if (pindexFailure)
+        return error("VerifyDB() : *** coin database inconsistencies found (last %i blocks, %i good transactions before that)\n", pindexBest->nHeight - pindexFailure->nHeight + 1, nGoodTransactions);
+
+    // check level 4: try reconnecting blocks
+    if (nCheckLevel >= 4) {
+        CBlockIndex *pindex = pindexState;
+        while (pindex != pindexBest && !fRequestShutdown) {
+             pindex = pindex->pnext;
+             CBlock block;
+             if (!block.ReadFromDisk(pindex))
+                 return error("VerifyDB() : *** block.ReadFromDisk failed at %d, hash=%s", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString().c_str());
+             if (!block.ConnectBlock(pindex, coins))
+                 return error("VerifyDB() : *** found unconnectable block at %d, hash=%s", pindex->nHeight, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString().c_str());
         }
-    if (pindexFork && !fRequestShutdown)
-    {
-        // TODO: reorg back
-        return error("LoadBlockIndex(): chain database corrupted");
     }
 
+    printf("No coin database inconsistencies in last %i blocks (%i transactions)\n", pindexBest->nHeight - pindexState->nHeight, nGoodTransactions);
+
     return true;
 }
 

src/main.h

@@ -128,6 +128,8 @@ FILE* OpenUndoFile(const CDiskBlockPos &pos, bool fReadOnly = false);
 bool LoadExternalBlockFile(FILE* fileIn, CDiskBlockPos *dbp = NULL);
 /** Load the block tree and coins database from disk */
 bool LoadBlockIndex();
+/** Verify consistency of the block and coin databases */
+bool VerifyDB();
 /** Print the loaded block tree */
 void PrintBlockTree();
 /** Find a block by height in the currently-connected chain */
@@ -748,7 +750,7 @@ public:
         READWRITE(vtxundo);
     )
 
-    bool WriteToDisk(CDiskBlockPos &pos)
+    bool WriteToDisk(CDiskBlockPos &pos, const uint256 &hashBlock)
     {
         // Open history file to append
         CAutoFile fileout = CAutoFile(OpenUndoFile(pos), SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
@@ -766,6 +768,12 @@ public:
         pos.nPos = (unsigned int)fileOutPos;
         fileout << *this;
 
+        // calculate & write checksum
+        CHashWriter hasher(SER_GETHASH, PROTOCOL_VERSION);
+        hasher << hashBlock;
+        hasher << *this;
+        fileout << hasher.GetHash();
+
         // Flush stdio buffers and commit to disk before returning
         fflush(fileout);
         if (!IsInitialBlockDownload())
@@ -773,6 +781,44 @@ public:
 
         return true;
     }
+
+    bool ReadFromDisk(const CDiskBlockPos &pos, const uint256 &hashBlock)
+    {
+        // Open history file to read
+        CAutoFile filein = CAutoFile(OpenUndoFile(pos, true), SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
+        if (!filein)
+            return error("CBlockUndo::ReadFromDisk() : OpenBlockFile failed");
+
+        // Read block
+        uint256 hashChecksum;
+        try {
+            filein >> *this;
+        }
+        catch (std::exception &e) {
+            return error("%s() : deserialize or I/O error", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
+        }
+
+        // for compatibility with pre-release code that didn't write checksums to undo data
+        // TODO: replace by a simply 'filein >> hashChecksum' in the above try block
+        try {
+            filein >> hashChecksum;
+        } catch (std::exception &e) {
+            hashChecksum = 0;
+        }
+        uint32_t hashInit = hashChecksum.Get64(0) & 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
+        if (hashChecksum == 0 || memcmp(&hashInit, pchMessageStart, 4) == 0)
+            return true;
+
+        // Verify checksum
+        CHashWriter hasher(SER_GETHASH, PROTOCOL_VERSION);
+        hasher << hashBlock;
+        hasher << *this;
+        if (hashChecksum != hasher.GetHash())
+            return error("CBlockUndo::ReadFromDisk() : checksum mismatch");
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
 };
 
 /** pruned version of CTransaction: only retains metadata and unspent transaction outputs
@@ -1307,8 +1353,11 @@ public:
     }
 
 
-    // Undo the effects of this block (with given index) on the UTXO set represented by coins
-    bool DisconnectBlock(CBlockIndex *pindex, CCoinsViewCache &coins);
+    /** Undo the effects of this block (with given index) on the UTXO set represented by coins.
+     *  In case pfClean is provided, operation will try to be tolerant about errors, and *pfClean
+     *  will be true if no problems were found. Otherwise, the return value will be false in case
+     *  of problems. Note that in any case, coins may be modified. */
+    bool DisconnectBlock(CBlockIndex *pindex, CCoinsViewCache &coins, bool *pfClean = NULL);
 
     // Apply the effects of this block (with given index) on the UTXO set represented by coins
     bool ConnectBlock(CBlockIndex *pindex, CCoinsViewCache &coins, bool fJustCheck=false);