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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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Version 2.1, February 1999
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Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
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as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence
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the version number 2.1.]
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Preamble
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The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
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Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
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free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
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This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
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specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the
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Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You
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can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether
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this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better
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strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.
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When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
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not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
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you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge
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for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get
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it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of
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it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do
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these things.
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To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
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rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for
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you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.
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For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
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or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
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you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
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code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide
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complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them
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with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling
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it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
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We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the
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library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal
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permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
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To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that
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there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is
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modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know
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that what they have is not the original version, so that the original
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author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be
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introduced by others.
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Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of
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any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot
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effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a
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restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that
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any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be
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consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.
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Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the
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ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser
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General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and
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is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use
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this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those
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libraries into non-free programs.
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When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using
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a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a
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combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary
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General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the
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entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General
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Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with
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the library.
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We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it
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does Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General
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Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less
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of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages
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are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many
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libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain
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special circumstances.
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For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to
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encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes
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a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be
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allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free
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library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this
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case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free
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software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.
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In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free
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programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of
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free software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in
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non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU
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operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating
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system.
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Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the
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users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is
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linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run
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that program using a modified version of the Library.
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a
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"work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library". The
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former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must
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be combined with the library in order to run.
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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other
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program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or
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other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of
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this Lesser General Public License (also called "this License").
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Each licensee is addressed as "you".
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A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data
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prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs
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(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.
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The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work
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which has been distributed under these terms. A "work based on the
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Library" means either the Library or any derivative work under
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copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a
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portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated
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straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
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included without limitation in the term "modification".)
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"Source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for
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making modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means
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all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated
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interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation
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and installation of the library.
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Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
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running a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from
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such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based
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on the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for
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writing it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does
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and what the program that uses the Library does.
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1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's
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complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that
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you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
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appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact
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all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
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warranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the
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Library.
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You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
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and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a
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fee.
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2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion
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of it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and
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distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
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above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
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a) The modified work must itself be a software library.
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b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices
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stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
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c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no
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charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
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d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a
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table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses
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the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility
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is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,
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in the event an application does not supply such function or
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table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of
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its purpose remains meaningful.
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(For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has
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a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the
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application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any
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application-supplied function or table used by this function must
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be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square
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root function must still compute square roots.)
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These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,
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and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
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themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
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sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
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distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
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on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
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this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
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entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
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it.
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Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
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your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
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exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
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collective works based on the Library.
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In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library
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with the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of
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a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
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the scope of this License.
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3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public
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License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do
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this, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so
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that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,
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instead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the
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ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify
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that version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in
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these notices.
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Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for
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that copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all
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subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.
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This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of
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the Library into a program that is not a library.
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4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or
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derivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form
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under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany
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it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which
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must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
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medium customarily used for software interchange.
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If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy
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from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the
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source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to
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distribute the source code, even though third parties are not
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compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
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5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the
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Library, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or
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linked with it, is called a "work that uses the Library". Such a
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work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and
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therefore falls outside the scope of this License.
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However, linking a "work that uses the Library" with the Library
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creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it
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contains portions of the Library), rather than a "work that uses the
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library". The executable is therefore covered by this License.
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Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.
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When a "work that uses the Library" uses material from a header file
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that is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a
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derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.
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Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be
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linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The
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threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.
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If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data
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structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline
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functions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object
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file is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative
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work. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the
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Library will still fall under Section 6.)
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Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may
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distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.
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Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,
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whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.
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6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or
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link a "work that uses the Library" with the Library to produce a
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work containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work
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under terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit
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modification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse
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engineering for debugging such modifications.
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You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the
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Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by
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this License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work
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during execution displays copyright notices, you must include the
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copyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference
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directing the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one
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of these things:
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a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding
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machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever
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changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under
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Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked
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with the Library, with the complete machine-readable "work that
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uses the Library", as object code and/or source code, so that the
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user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified
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executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood
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that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the
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Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application
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to use the modified definitions.)
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b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the
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Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a
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copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,
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rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)
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will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if
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the user installs one, as long as the modified version is
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interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.
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c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at
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least three years, to give the same user the materials
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specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more
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than the cost of performing this distribution.
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d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy
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from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above
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specified materials from the same place.
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e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these
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materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.
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For an executable, the required form of the "work that uses the
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Library" must include any data and utility programs needed for
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reproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,
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the materials to be distributed need not include anything that is
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normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major
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components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on
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which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies
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the executable.
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It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license
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restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally
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accompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot
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use both them and the Library together in an executable that you
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distribute.
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7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
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Library side-by-side in a single library together with other library
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facilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined
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library, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on
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the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise
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permitted, and provided that you do these two things:
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a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work
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based on the Library, uncombined with any other library
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facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the
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Sections above.
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b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact
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that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining
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where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
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8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute
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the Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any
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attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or
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distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your
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rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,
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or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
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terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
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9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
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signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
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distribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are
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prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
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modifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the
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Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
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all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
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the Library or works based on it.
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10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the
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Library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
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original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library
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subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
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restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
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You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with
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this License.
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11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
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infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
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conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
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otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
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excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
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distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
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License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
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may not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent
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license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by
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all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
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the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
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refrain entirely from distribution of the Library.
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If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any
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particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,
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and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
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It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
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patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
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such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
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integrity of the free software distribution system which is
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implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
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generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
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through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
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system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
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to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
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impose that choice.
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This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
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be a consequence of the rest of this License.
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12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in
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certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
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original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add
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an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,
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so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
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excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if
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written in the body of this License.
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13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
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versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.
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Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,
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but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
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Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library
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specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and
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"any later version", you have the option of following the terms and
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conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
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the Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a
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license version number, you may choose any version ever published by
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the Free Software Foundation.
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14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free
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programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,
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write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is
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copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
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Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our
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decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status
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of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
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and reuse of software generally.
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NO WARRANTY
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15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
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WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
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EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
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OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
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KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
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LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
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THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
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16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
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WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY
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AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU
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FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
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CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
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LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
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RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
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FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
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SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
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DAMAGES.
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
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If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest
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possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that
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everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting
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redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the
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ordinary General Public License).
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To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is
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safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
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convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
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"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
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<one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
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Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
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This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
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License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
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version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
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License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
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Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
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school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if
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necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
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Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
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library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
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<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990
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Ty Coon, President of Vice
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That's all there is to it!
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reger
12 years ago
