Ensure lower case conversion consistency with any default locale.

Especially for Turkish speaking users using "tr" as their system default
locale : strings for technical stuff (URLs, tag names, constants...)
must not be lower cased with the default locale, as 'I' doesn't becomes
'i' like in other locales such as "en", but becomes 'ı'.

htroot/ConfigHeuristics_p.java

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import net.yacy.search.Switchboard;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Locale;
 
 import net.yacy.cora.document.id.MultiProtocolURL;
 import net.yacy.cora.federate.FederateSearchManager;
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ public class ConfigHeuristics_p {
                 // add new entry to config file
                 final String tmpname = post.get("ossys_newtitle");
                 if (tmpname != null && tmpurl !=null) {
-                    if (!tmpname.isEmpty() && !tmpurl.isEmpty() && tmpurl.toLowerCase().contains("{searchterms}")) {
+                    if (!tmpname.isEmpty() && !tmpurl.isEmpty() && tmpurl.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).contains("{searchterms}")) {
                      	/* Check eventual robots.txt policy */
                       	RobotsTxtEntry robotsEntry = null;
 						try {

htroot/Crawler_p.java

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
@@ -683,8 +684,8 @@ public class Crawler_p {
             try {
                 wantedPPM = post.getInt("customPPM", wantedPPM);
             } catch (final NumberFormatException e) {}
-            if ("minimum".equals(crawlingPerformance.toLowerCase())) wantedPPM = 10;
+            if ("minimum".equals(crawlingPerformance.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT))) wantedPPM = 10;
-            if ("maximum".equals(crawlingPerformance.toLowerCase())) wantedPPM = 30000;
+            if ("maximum".equals(crawlingPerformance.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT))) wantedPPM = 30000;
             
             int wPPM = wantedPPM;
             if ( wPPM <= 0 ) {

htroot/api/blacklists/add_entry_p.java

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import java.util.Locale;
+
 import net.yacy.cora.protocol.RequestHeader;
 import net.yacy.data.ListManager;
 import net.yacy.data.WorkTables;
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ public class add_entry_p {
 
             ListManager.switchboard.tables.recordAPICall(
             		post,
-            		"add_entry_p." + header.fileType().toString().toLowerCase(),
+            		"add_entry_p." + header.fileType().toString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT),
             		WorkTables.TABLE_API_TYPE_CONFIGURATION,
 					"add to blacklist '" + blacklistToUse + "': " + entry);
             

htroot/api/blacklists/delete_entry_p.java

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import java.util.Locale;
+
 import net.yacy.cora.protocol.RequestHeader;
 import net.yacy.data.ListManager;
 import net.yacy.data.WorkTables;
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ public class delete_entry_p {
             // store this call as api call
             ListManager.switchboard.tables.recordAPICall(
             		post,
-            		"delete_entry_p." + header.fileType().toString().toLowerCase(),
+            		"delete_entry_p." + header.fileType().toString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT),
             		WorkTables.TABLE_API_TYPE_CONFIGURATION,
 					"delete from blacklist '" + blacklistToUse + "': " + entry);
 

htroot/api/getpageinfo_p.java

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ public class getpageinfo_p {
             if (post.containsKey("actions"))
                 actions=post.get("actions");
             String url=post.get("url");
-			if (url.toLowerCase().startsWith("ftp://")) {
+			if (url.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith("ftp://")) {
 				prop.put("robots-allowed", "1"); // ok to crawl
 		        prop.put("robotsInfo", "ftp does not follow robots.txt");
 				prop.putXML("title", "FTP: " + url);

htroot/api/ymarks/add_ymark.java

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Locale;
 
 import net.yacy.cora.document.id.DigestURL;
 import net.yacy.cora.protocol.ClientIdentification;
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ public class add_ymark {
 	        	String url = post.get(YMarkEntry.BOOKMARK.URL.key(),YMarkEntry.BOOKMARK.URL.deflt());
 				boolean hasProtocol = false;
 				for (final YMarkTables.PROTOCOLS p : YMarkTables.PROTOCOLS.values()) {
-					if(url.toLowerCase().startsWith(p.protocol())) {
+					if(url.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith(p.protocol())) {
 						hasProtocol = true;
 						break;
 					}

source/net/yacy/cora/protocol/RequestHeader.java

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ public class RequestHeader extends HeaderFramework implements HttpServletRequest
     public FileType fileType() {
         String path = this.getPathInfo();
         if (path == null) return FileType.HTML;
-        path = path.toLowerCase();
+        path = path.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         if (path.endsWith(".json")) return FileType.JSON;
         if (path.endsWith(".xml")) return FileType.XML;
         if (path.endsWith(".rdf")) return FileType.XML;

source/net/yacy/cora/protocol/http/HTTPClient.java

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import java.security.KeyManagementException;
 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
 import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
 import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -664,7 +665,7 @@ public class HTTPClient {
 				mimeType = contentType.getValue();
 
 				if (mimeType != null) {
-					mimeType = mimeType.trim().toLowerCase();
+					mimeType = mimeType.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
 
 					final int pos = mimeType.indexOf(';');
 					if(pos >= 0) {

source/net/yacy/crawler/retrieval/Response.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ package net.yacy.crawler.retrieval;
 
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.Locale;
 
 import net.yacy.cora.document.analysis.Classification;
 import net.yacy.cora.document.encoding.ASCII;
@@ -787,7 +788,7 @@ public class Response {
 
         String mimeType = this.responseHeader.getContentType();
         if (mimeType != null) {
-            mimeType = mimeType.trim().toLowerCase();
+            mimeType = mimeType.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
 
             final int pos = mimeType.indexOf(';');
             return ((pos < 0) ? mimeType : mimeType.substring(0, pos));

source/net/yacy/data/wiki/WikiCode.java

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
@@ -1069,7 +1070,7 @@ public class WikiCode extends AbstractWikiParser implements WikiParser {
             }
             if(closeIndex > 0) {
             	final String content = processedLine.substring(openIndex + LEN_WIKI_OPEN_METADATA, closeIndex);
-            	if (content.toLowerCase().startsWith("coordinate")) {
+            	if (content.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith("coordinate")) {
             		// parse Geographical Coordinates as described in
             		// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29#Geographical_coordinates
             		// looks like:
@@ -1087,7 +1088,7 @@ public class WikiCode extends AbstractWikiParser implements WikiParser {
             		String name = "";
             		try {
             			for (final String c : b) {
-            				if (c.toLowerCase().startsWith("name=")) {
+            				if (c.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith("name=")) {
             					name = c.substring(5);
             				}
             				if (c.toUpperCase().startsWith("NS=")) {

source/net/yacy/document/Document.java

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
@@ -565,8 +566,8 @@ dc_rights
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                final boolean noindex = url.getRelProperty().toLowerCase().indexOf("noindex",0) >= 0;
+                final boolean noindex = url.getRelProperty().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).indexOf("noindex",0) >= 0;
-                final boolean nofollow = url.getRelProperty().toLowerCase().indexOf("nofollow",0) >= 0;
+                final boolean nofollow = url.getRelProperty().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).indexOf("nofollow",0) >= 0;
                 if ((thishost == null && url.getHost() == null) ||
                     ((thishost != null && url.getHost() != null) &&
                      (url.getHost().endsWith(thishost) ||
@@ -578,9 +579,9 @@ dc_rights
                 extpos = u.lastIndexOf('.');
                 if (extpos > 0) {
                     if (((qpos = u.indexOf('?')) >= 0) && (qpos > extpos)) {
-                        ext = u.substring(extpos + 1, qpos).toLowerCase();
+                        ext = u.substring(extpos + 1, qpos).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
                     } else {
-                        ext = u.substring(extpos + 1).toLowerCase();
+                        ext = u.substring(extpos + 1).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
                     }
                     if (Classification.isMediaExtension(ext)) {
                         // this is not a normal anchor, its a media link
@@ -705,10 +706,10 @@ dc_rights
                 u = url.toNormalform(true);
 
                 // find start of a referenced http url
-                if ((pos = u.toLowerCase().indexOf("http://", 7)) > 0) { // 7 = skip the protocol part of the source url
+                if ((pos = u.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).indexOf("http://", 7)) > 0) { // 7 = skip the protocol part of the source url
                     i.remove();
                     u = u.substring(pos);
-                    while ((pos = u.toLowerCase().indexOf("http://", 7)) > 0)
+                    while ((pos = u.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).indexOf("http://", 7)) > 0)
                         u = u.substring(pos);
                     url = new AnchorURL(u);
                     if (!(v.containsKey(url)))
@@ -717,10 +718,10 @@ dc_rights
                 }
 
                 // find start of a referenced https url
-                if ((pos = u.toLowerCase().indexOf("https://", 7)) > 0) { // 7 = skip the protocol part of the source url
+                if ((pos = u.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).indexOf("https://", 7)) > 0) { // 7 = skip the protocol part of the source url
                     i.remove();
                     u = u.substring(pos);
-                    while ((pos = u.toLowerCase().indexOf("https://", 7)) > 0)
+                    while ((pos = u.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).indexOf("https://", 7)) > 0)
                         u = u.substring(pos);
                     url = new AnchorURL(u);
                     if (!(v.containsKey(url)))
@@ -728,10 +729,10 @@ dc_rights
                     continue loop;
                 }
                 
-                if ((pos = u.toLowerCase().indexOf("/www.", 11)) > 0) { // 11 = skip protocol part + www of source url "http://www."
+                if ((pos = u.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).indexOf("/www.", 11)) > 0) { // 11 = skip protocol part + www of source url "http://www."
                     i.remove();
                     u = url.getProtocol()+":/" + u.substring(pos);
-                    while ((pos = u.toLowerCase().indexOf("/www.", 11)) > 0)
+                    while ((pos = u.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).indexOf("/www.", 11)) > 0)
                         u = url.getProtocol()+":/" + u.substring(pos);
 
                     AnchorURL addurl = new AnchorURL(u);

source/net/yacy/document/content/SurrogateReader.java

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import java.io.PushbackInputStream;
 import java.io.StringReader;
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ public class SurrogateReader extends DefaultHandler implements Runnable {
     @Override
     public void startElement(final String uri, final String name, String tag, final Attributes atts) throws SAXException {
         if (tag == null) return;
-        tag = tag.toLowerCase();
+        tag = tag.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         if ("record".equals(tag) || "document".equals(tag) || "doc".equals(tag)) {
             this.dcEntry = new DCEntry();
         } else if ("element".equals(tag) || "str".equals(tag) || "int".equals(tag) || "bool".equals(tag) || "long".equals(tag)) {
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ public class SurrogateReader extends DefaultHandler implements Runnable {
     @Override
     public void endElement(final String uri, final String name, String tag) {
         if (tag == null) return;
-        tag = tag.toLowerCase();
+        tag = tag.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         if ("record".equals(tag) || "document".equals(tag) || "doc".equals(tag)) {
             try {
                 // check if url is in accepted domain

source/net/yacy/document/parser/html/TransformerWriter.java

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
 import java.io.Writer;
 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Properties;
 import java.util.Stack;
 import net.yacy.document.parser.html.ContentScraper.TagName;
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ public final class TransformerWriter extends Writer {
         if (in[1] == '/') {
             // a closing tag
             tagend = tagEnd(in, 2);
-            tag = new String(in, 2, tagend - 2).toLowerCase();
+            tag = new String(in, 2, tagend - 2).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
             final char[] text = new char[in.length - tagend - 1];
             System.arraycopy(in, tagend, text, 0, in.length - tagend - 1);
             return filterTag(text, quotechar, tag, false);
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ public final class TransformerWriter extends Writer {
 
         // an opening tag
         tagend = tagEnd(in, 1);
-        tag = new String(in, 1, tagend - 1).toLowerCase();
+        tag = new String(in, 1, tagend - 1).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         final char[] text = new char[in.length - tagend - 1];
         System.arraycopy(in, tagend, text, 0, in.length - tagend - 1);
         return filterTag(text, quotechar, tag, true);

source/net/yacy/document/parser/rdfa/impl/RDFaTripleImpl.java

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Reader;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
 import javax.xml.transform.Templates;
 import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
 import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ public class RDFaTripleImpl{
 		BufferedReader bufReader = new BufferedReader(in);
                 bufReader.mark(2048); // mark position for following reset
 		String readLine = bufReader.readLine();
-		if (!readLine.toLowerCase().contains("<!doctype")){
+		if (!readLine.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).contains("<!doctype")){
 			bufReader.reset();
 		}
 

source/net/yacy/gui/framework/Browser.java

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Properties;
 
 import net.yacy.cora.util.ConcurrentLog;
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ public class Browser {
     static {
         // check operation system type
         final Properties sysprop = System.getProperties();
-        final String sysname = sysprop.getProperty("os.name","").toLowerCase();
+        final String sysname = sysprop.getProperty("os.name","").toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         if (sysname.startsWith("mac os x")) {
             systemOS = systemMacOSX;
         } else if (sysname.startsWith("mac os")) {

source/net/yacy/http/AbstractRemoteHandler.java

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ package net.yacy.http;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.StringTokenizer;
 
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ abstract public class AbstractRemoteHandler extends ConnectHandler implements Ha
         }
         
         // check the blacklist
-        if (Switchboard.urlBlacklist.isListed(BlacklistType.PROXY, hostOnly.toLowerCase(), request.getPathInfo())) {
+        if (Switchboard.urlBlacklist.isListed(BlacklistType.PROXY, hostOnly.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT), request.getPathInfo())) {
         	response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN,
         			"URL '" + hostOnly + "' blocked by yacy proxy (blacklisted)");
             baseRequest.setHandled(true);

source/net/yacy/http/servlets/YaCyDefaultServlet.java

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import java.util.AbstractMap;
 import java.util.Enumeration;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
@@ -705,7 +706,7 @@ public class YaCyDefaultServlet extends HttpServlet  {
         	
     		/* Let's check this header has a valid value */
         	if("http".equals(protocolHeader) || "https".equals(protocolHeader)) {
-        		protocol = protocolHeader.toLowerCase();
+        		protocol = protocolHeader.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         	} else if(protocolHeader != null && !protocolHeader.isEmpty()) {
     			ConcurrentLog.warn("FILEHANDLER","YaCyDefaultServlet: illegal protocol scheme header value : " + protocolHeader);
     		}
@@ -713,7 +714,7 @@ public class YaCyDefaultServlet extends HttpServlet  {
     		/* This peer can also be behind a reverse proxy requested using https, even if the request coming to this YaCy peer is http only
     		 * Possible scenario (happens for example when YaCy is deployed on Heroku Platform) : User browser -> https://reverseProxy/yacyURL -> http://yacypeer/yacyURL
     		 * In that case, absolute URLs rendered by this peer (in rss feeds for example) must effectively start with the https scheme */
-        	protocolHeader = header.get(HttpHeaders.X_FORWARDED_PROTO.toString(), "").toLowerCase();
+        	protocolHeader = header.get(HttpHeaders.X_FORWARDED_PROTO.toString(), "").toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         	
     		/* Here we only allow an upgrade from HTTP to HTTPS, not the reverse (we don't want a forged HTTP header by an eventual attacker to force fallback to HTTP) */
         	if("https".equals(protocolHeader)) {

source/net/yacy/kelondro/data/meta/URIMetadataNode.java

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Properties;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ public class URIMetadataNode extends SolrDocument /* implements Comparable<URIMe
     public boolean matches(Pattern pattern) {
         return pattern.matcher(this.url.toNormalform(true)).matches();
         //CharacterRunAutomaton automaton = new CharacterRunAutomaton(matcher);
-        //boolean match = automaton.run(this.url.toNormalform(true).toLowerCase());
+        //boolean match = automaton.run(this.url.toNormalform(true).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
         //return match;
     }
 
@@ -930,7 +931,7 @@ public class URIMetadataNode extends SolrDocument /* implements Comparable<URIMe
         if (this.alternative_urlstring != null) return this.alternative_urlstring;
         
         if (!pdfParser.individualPages) return this.url().toNormalform(true);
-        if (!"pdf".equals(MultiProtocolURL.getFileExtension(this.url().getFileName()).toLowerCase())) return this.url().toNormalform(true);
+        if (!"pdf".equals(MultiProtocolURL.getFileExtension(this.url().getFileName()).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT))) return this.url().toNormalform(true);
         // for pdf links we rewrite the url
         // this is a special treatment of pdf files which can be splitted into subpages
         String pageprop = pdfParser.individualPagePropertyname;

source/net/yacy/kelondro/util/Formatter.java

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ public final class Formatter {
      * @param lang an ISO 639 language code which is used to generate a {@link Locale}
      */
     public static void setLocale(final String lang) {
-        final String l = (lang.equalsIgnoreCase("default") ? "en" : lang.toLowerCase());
+        final String l = (lang.equalsIgnoreCase("default") ? "en" : lang.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
         setLocale(l.equals("none") ? null : new Locale(l));
     }
 

source/net/yacy/kelondro/util/ISO639.java

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 package net.yacy.kelondro.util;
 
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ public class ISO639 {
      * @return the name of the country
      */
     public static final String country(String code) {
-        return mapping.get(code.toLowerCase());
+        return mapping.get(code.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
     }
     
     /**
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ public class ISO639 {
      * @return true if the code exists
      */
     public static final boolean exists(String code) {
-        return mapping.containsKey(code.toLowerCase());
+        return mapping.containsKey(code.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
     }
     
     /**
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ public class ISO639 {
      */
     public static final String userAgentLanguageDetection(String userAgent) {
         if (userAgent == null || userAgent.length() < 2) return null;
-        userAgent = userAgent.toLowerCase();
+        userAgent = userAgent.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         if (mapping.containsKey(userAgent.substring(0, 2))) return userAgent.substring(0, 2);
         if (userAgent.length() == 2 && mapping.containsKey(userAgent)) return userAgent;
         if (userAgent.length() == 5 && mapping.containsKey(userAgent.substring(0, 2))) return userAgent.substring(0, 2);

source/net/yacy/kelondro/util/OS.java

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Properties;
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ public final class OS {
 	static {
 		// check operation system type
 		final Properties sysprop = java.lang.System.getProperties();
-		final String sysname = sysprop.getProperty("os.name","").toLowerCase();
+		final String sysname = sysprop.getProperty("os.name","").toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
 		if (sysname.startsWith("mac os x")) systemOS = System.MacOSX;
 		else if (sysname.startsWith("mac os")) systemOS = System.MacOSC;
 		else if (sysname.startsWith("windows")) systemOS = System.Windows;

source/net/yacy/peers/Network.java

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
@@ -601,7 +602,7 @@ public class Network
                 if ( seedURLStr.isEmpty() ) {
                     throw new MalformedURLException("The seed-file url must not be empty.");
                 }
-                if ( !(seedURLStr.toLowerCase().startsWith("http://") || seedURLStr.toLowerCase().startsWith(
+                if ( !(seedURLStr.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith("http://") || seedURLStr.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith(
                     "https://")) ) {
                     throw new MalformedURLException("Unsupported protocol.");
                 }

source/net/yacy/peers/operation/yacyRelease.java

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import java.security.SignatureException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.SortedSet;
 import java.util.TreeSet;
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ public final class yacyRelease extends yacyVersion {
             }
             final ResponseHeader header = response.getResponseHeader();
 
-            final boolean unzipped = header.gzip() && (header.mime().toLowerCase().equals("application/x-tar")); // if true, then the httpc has unzipped the file
+            final boolean unzipped = header.gzip() && (header.mime().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).equals("application/x-tar")); // if true, then the httpc has unzipped the file
             if (unzipped && name.endsWith(".tar.gz")) {
                 download = new File(storagePath, name.substring(0, name.length() - 3));
             } else {

source/net/yacy/search/index/Segment.java

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
@@ -504,10 +505,10 @@ public class Segment {
                     // two possible results: compare and report conflicts
                     if (!language.equals(url.language())) {
                         // see if we have a hint in the url that the statistic was right
-                        final String u = urlNormalform.toLowerCase();
+                        final String u = urlNormalform.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
                         String ISO639_country = ISO639.country(language);
                         if (u.contains("/" + language + "/") ||
-                            (ISO639_country != null && u.contains("/" + ISO639.country(language).toLowerCase() + "/"))) {
+                            (ISO639_country != null && u.contains("/" + ISO639.country(language).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT) + "/"))) {
                             // this is a strong hint that the statistics was in fact correct
                         } else {
                             // no confirmation using the url, use the TLD

source/net/yacy/search/query/QueryModifier.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ package net.yacy.search.query;
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.Locale;
 
 import org.apache.solr.common.params.CommonParams;
 import org.apache.solr.common.params.MultiMapSolrParams;
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ public class QueryModifier {
                 this.language = querystring.substring(langi + 10, langi + 12);
                 querystring = querystring.replace("/language/" + this.language, "");
                 if (this.language.length() == 2 && ISO639.exists(this.language)) { // only 2-digit codes valid
-                    this.language = this.language.toLowerCase();
+                    this.language = this.language.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
                     add("/language/" + this.language);
                 } else {
                     this.language = null;

source/net/yacy/search/query/QueryParams.java

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.SortedSet;
@@ -700,7 +701,7 @@ public final class QueryParams {
 
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(120);
         sb.append("yacysearch.");
-        sb.append(ext.name().toLowerCase());
+        sb.append(ext.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
         sb.append("?query=");
 
         sb.append(theQuery.getQueryGoal().getQueryString(true));

source/net/yacy/search/schema/CollectionConfiguration.java

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.TreeMap;
@@ -302,7 +303,7 @@ public class CollectionConfiguration extends SchemaConfiguration implements Seri
         // path elements of link
         String filename = digestURL.getFileName();
         String extension = MultiProtocolURL.getFileExtension(filename);
-        String filenameStub = filename.toLowerCase().endsWith("." + extension) ? filename.substring(0, filename.length() - extension.length() - 1) : filename;
+        String filenameStub = filename.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).endsWith("." + extension) ? filename.substring(0, filename.length() - extension.length() - 1) : filename;
         // remove possible jsession (or other url parm like "img.jpg;jsession=123") 
         // TODO: consider to implement ";jsession=123" check in getFileExtension()
         if (extension.indexOf(';') >= 0) extension = extension.substring(0,extension.indexOf(';'));
@@ -632,7 +633,7 @@ public class CollectionConfiguration extends SchemaConfiguration implements Seri
             String robots_meta = html.getMetas().get("robots");
             // this tag may have values: all, index, noindex, nofollow; see http://www.robotstxt.org/meta.html
             if (robots_meta != null) {
-                robots_meta = robots_meta.toLowerCase();
+                robots_meta = robots_meta.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
                 if (robots_meta.indexOf("all",0) >= 0) b += 1;      // set bit 0
                 if (robots_meta.indexOf("index",0) == 0 || robots_meta.indexOf(" index",0) >= 0 || robots_meta.indexOf(",index",0) >= 0 ) b += 2; // set bit 1
                 if (robots_meta.indexOf("follow",0) == 0 || robots_meta.indexOf(" follow",0) >= 0 || robots_meta.indexOf(",follow",0) >= 0 ) b += 4; // set bit 2
@@ -2166,7 +2167,7 @@ public class CollectionConfiguration extends SchemaConfiguration implements Seri
         List<Integer> il = new ArrayList<Integer>(rel.size());
         for (final String s: rel) {
             int i = 0;
-            final String s0 = s.toLowerCase().trim();
+            final String s0 = s.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).trim();
             if ("me".equals(s0)) i += 1;
             if ("nofollow".equals(s0)) i += 2;
             il.add(i);

source/net/yacy/search/schema/CollectionSchema.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ package net.yacy.search.schema;
 
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 
 import net.yacy.cora.federate.solr.SchemaDeclaration;
 import net.yacy.cora.federate.solr.SolrType;
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ public enum CollectionSchema implements SchemaDeclaration {
     public final void setSolrFieldName(String theValue) {
         // make sure no empty string is assigned
         if ( (theValue != null) && (!theValue.isEmpty()) ) {
-            this.solrFieldName = theValue.toLowerCase();
+            this.solrFieldName = theValue.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         } else {
             this.solrFieldName = null;
         }

source/net/yacy/search/schema/WebgraphSchema.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ package net.yacy.search.schema;
 
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 
 import net.yacy.cora.federate.solr.SchemaDeclaration;
 import net.yacy.cora.federate.solr.SolrType;
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ public enum WebgraphSchema implements SchemaDeclaration {
     public final void setSolrFieldName(String theValue) {
         // make sure no empty string is assigned
         if ( (theValue != null) && (!theValue.isEmpty()) ) {
-            this.solrFieldName = theValue.toLowerCase();
+            this.solrFieldName = theValue.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         } else {
             this.solrFieldName = null;
         }

source/net/yacy/server/serverObjects.java

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
@@ -480,7 +481,7 @@ public class serverObjects implements Serializable, Cloneable {
     public boolean getBoolean(final String key) {
         String s = removeByteOrderMark(get(key));
         if (s == null) return false;
-        s = s.toLowerCase();
+        s = s.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         return s.equals("true") || s.equals("on") || s.equals("1");
     }
 

source/net/yacy/utils/translation/TranslatorXliff.java

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.TreeMap;
 import javax.xml.stream.XMLInputFactory;
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ public class TranslatorXliff extends Translator {
     @Override
     public Map<String, Map<String, String>> loadTranslationsLists(final File xliffFile) {
         File locallng = getScratchFile(xliffFile);
-        if (xliffFile.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".xlf") || xliffFile.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".xliff")) {
+        if (xliffFile.getName().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).endsWith(".xlf") || xliffFile.getName().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).endsWith(".xliff")) {
             if (locallng.exists()) {
                 Map<String, Map<String, String>> mergedList = loadTranslationsListsFromXliff(xliffFile);
                 Map<String, Map<String, String>> tmplist = loadTranslationsListsFromXliff(locallng);

source/net/yacy/yacy.java

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ import java.nio.channels.FileLock;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Properties;
 import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
@@ -780,7 +781,7 @@ public final class yacy {
 	        // exception : if the -gui option is used then do not go into headless mode since that uses a gui
 	        boolean headless = true;
 	        if (OS.isWindows) headless = false;
-	        if (args.length >= 1 && args[0].toLowerCase().equals("-gui")) headless = false;
+	        if (args.length >= 1 && args[0].toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).equals("-gui")) headless = false;
 	        System.setProperty("java.awt.headless", headless ? "true" : "false");
 
 	        String s = ""; for (final String a: args) s += a + " ";
@@ -790,32 +791,32 @@ public final class yacy {
 	        File dataRoot = applicationRoot;
 	        //System.out.println("args.length=" + args.length);
 	        //System.out.print("args=["); for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) System.out.print(args[i] + ", "); System.out.println("]");
-	        if ((args.length >= 1) && (args[0].toLowerCase().equals("-startup") || args[0].equals("-start"))) {
+	        if ((args.length >= 1) && (args[0].toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).equals("-startup") || args[0].equals("-start"))) {
 	            // normal start-up of yacy
 	            if (args.length > 1) {
 	            	dataRoot = new File(System.getProperty("user.home").replace('\\', '/'), args[1]);
 	            }
                 preReadSavedConfigandInit(dataRoot);
 	            startup(dataRoot, applicationRoot, startupMemFree, startupMemTotal, false);
-	        } else if (args.length >= 1 && args[0].toLowerCase().equals("-gui")) {
+	        } else if (args.length >= 1 && args[0].toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).equals("-gui")) {
 	            // start-up of yacy with gui
 	            if (args.length > 1) {
 	            	dataRoot = new File(System.getProperty("user.home").replace('\\', '/'), args[1]);
 	            }
                 preReadSavedConfigandInit(dataRoot);
 	            startup(dataRoot, applicationRoot, startupMemFree, startupMemTotal, true);
-	        } else if ((args.length >= 1) && ((args[0].toLowerCase().equals("-shutdown")) || (args[0].equals("-stop")))) {
+	        } else if ((args.length >= 1) && ((args[0].toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).equals("-shutdown")) || (args[0].equals("-stop")))) {
 	            // normal shutdown of yacy
 	            if (args.length == 2) applicationRoot= new File(args[1]);
 	            shutdown(applicationRoot);
-	        } else if ((args.length >= 1) && (args[0].toLowerCase().equals("-update"))) {
+	        } else if ((args.length >= 1) && (args[0].toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).equals("-update"))) {
 	            // aut-update yacy
 	            if (args.length == 2) applicationRoot= new File(args[1]);
 	            update(applicationRoot);
-	        } else if ((args.length >= 1) && (args[0].toLowerCase().equals("-version"))) {
+	        } else if ((args.length >= 1) && (args[0].toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).equals("-version"))) {
 	            // show yacy version
 	            System.out.println(copyright);
-            } else if ((args.length > 1) && (args[0].toLowerCase().equals("-config"))) {
+            } else if ((args.length > 1) && (args[0].toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).equals("-config"))) {
                     // set config parameter. Special handling of adminAccount=user:pwd (generates md5 encoded password)
                     // on Windows parameter should be enclosed in doublequotes to accept = sign (e.g. -config "port=8090" "port.ssl=8043")
                     File f = new File (dataRoot,"DATA/SETTINGS/");

test/java/net/yacy/document/parser/htmlParserTest.java

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
 import junit.framework.TestCase;
 import net.yacy.cora.document.id.AnchorURL;
 import net.yacy.document.Document;
@@ -40,13 +42,13 @@ public class htmlParserTest extends TestCase {
 		for (int i=0; i < testStrings.length; i++) {
 			// desired conversion result
 			String shouldBe = testStrings[i][1];
-			shouldBe = shouldBe!=null ? shouldBe.toLowerCase() : null;
+			shouldBe = shouldBe!=null ? shouldBe.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT) : null;
 			
 			// conversion result
 			String charset = htmlParser.patchCharsetEncoding(testStrings[i][0]);
 			
 			// test if equal
-			assertEquals(shouldBe, charset!=null ? charset.toLowerCase() : null);
+			assertEquals(shouldBe, charset!=null ? charset.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT) : null);
 			System.out.println("testGetRealCharsetEncoding: " + (testStrings[i][0]!=null?testStrings[i][0]:"null") + " -> " + (charset!=null?charset:"null") + " | Supported: " + (charset!=null?Charset.isSupported(charset):false));
 			
 		}