mirror of https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin
You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
445 lines
21 KiB
445 lines
21 KiB
Contributing to Bitcoin Core
|
|
============================
|
|
|
|
The Bitcoin Core project operates an open contributor model where anyone is
|
|
welcome to contribute towards development in the form of peer review, testing
|
|
and patches. This document explains the practical process and guidelines for
|
|
contributing.
|
|
|
|
First, in terms of structure, there is no particular concept of "Bitcoin Core
|
|
developers" in the sense of privileged people. Open source often naturally
|
|
revolves around a meritocracy where contributors earn trust from the developer
|
|
community over time. Nevertheless, some hierarchy is necessary for practical
|
|
purposes. As such, there are repository maintainers who are responsible for
|
|
merging pull requests, the [release cycle](/doc/release-process.md), and
|
|
moderation.
|
|
|
|
Getting Started
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
New contributors are very welcome and needed.
|
|
|
|
Reviewing and testing is highly valued and the most effective way you can contribute
|
|
as a new contributor. It also will teach you much more about the code and
|
|
process than opening pull requests. Please refer to the [peer review](#peer-review)
|
|
section below.
|
|
|
|
Before you start contributing, familiarize yourself with the Bitcoin Core build
|
|
system and tests. Refer to the documentation in the repository on how to build
|
|
Bitcoin Core and how to run the unit tests, functional tests, and fuzz tests.
|
|
|
|
There are many open issues of varying difficulty waiting to be fixed.
|
|
If you're looking for somewhere to start contributing, check out the
|
|
[good first issue](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22)
|
|
list or changes that are
|
|
[up for grabs](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=label%3A%22Up+for+grabs%22).
|
|
Some of them might no longer be applicable. So if you are interested, but
|
|
unsure, you might want to leave a comment on the issue first.
|
|
|
|
You may also participate in the weekly
|
|
[Bitcoin Core PR Review Club](https://bitcoincore.reviews/) meeting.
|
|
|
|
### Good First Issue Label
|
|
|
|
The purpose of the `good first issue` label is to highlight which issues are
|
|
suitable for a new contributor without a deep understanding of the codebase.
|
|
|
|
However, good first issues can be solved by anyone. If they remain unsolved
|
|
for a longer time, a frequent contributor might address them.
|
|
|
|
You do not need to request permission to start working on an issue. However,
|
|
you are encouraged to leave a comment if you are planning to work on it. This
|
|
will help other contributors monitor which issues are actively being addressed
|
|
and is also an effective way to request assistance if and when you need it.
|
|
|
|
Communication Channels
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
Most communication about Bitcoin Core development happens on IRC, in the
|
|
`#bitcoin-core-dev` channel on Libera Chat. The easiest way to participate on IRC is
|
|
with the web client, [web.libera.chat](https://web.libera.chat/#bitcoin-core-dev). Chat
|
|
history logs can be found
|
|
on [https://www.erisian.com.au/bitcoin-core-dev/](https://www.erisian.com.au/bitcoin-core-dev/)
|
|
and [https://gnusha.org/bitcoin-core-dev/](https://gnusha.org/bitcoin-core-dev/).
|
|
|
|
Discussion about codebase improvements happens in GitHub issues and pull
|
|
requests.
|
|
|
|
The developer
|
|
[mailing list](https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-dev)
|
|
should be used to discuss complicated or controversial consensus or P2P protocol changes before working on
|
|
a patch set.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contributor Workflow
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
The codebase is maintained using the "contributor workflow" where everyone
|
|
without exception contributes patch proposals using "pull requests" (PRs). This
|
|
facilitates social contribution, easy testing and peer review.
|
|
|
|
To contribute a patch, the workflow is as follows:
|
|
|
|
1. Fork repository ([only for the first time](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/fork-a-repo))
|
|
1. Create topic branch
|
|
1. Commit patches
|
|
|
|
For GUI-related issues or pull requests, the https://github.com/bitcoin-core/gui repository should be used.
|
|
For all other issues and pull requests, the https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin node repository should be used.
|
|
|
|
The master branch for all monotree repositories is identical.
|
|
|
|
As a rule of thumb, everything that only modifies `src/qt` is a GUI-only pull
|
|
request. However:
|
|
|
|
* For global refactoring or other transversal changes the node repository
|
|
should be used.
|
|
* For GUI-related build system changes, the node repository should be used
|
|
because the change needs review by the build systems reviewers.
|
|
* Changes in `src/interfaces` need to go to the node repository because they
|
|
might affect other components like the wallet.
|
|
|
|
For large GUI changes that include build system and interface changes, it is
|
|
recommended to first open a pull request against the GUI repository. When there
|
|
is agreement to proceed with the changes, a pull request with the build system
|
|
and interfaces changes can be submitted to the node repository.
|
|
|
|
The project coding conventions in the [developer notes](doc/developer-notes.md)
|
|
must be followed.
|
|
|
|
### Committing Patches
|
|
|
|
In general, [commits should be atomic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_commit#Atomic_commit_convention)
|
|
and diffs should be easy to read. For this reason, do not mix any formatting
|
|
fixes or code moves with actual code changes.
|
|
|
|
Make sure each individual commit is hygienic: that it builds successfully on its
|
|
own without warnings, errors, regressions, or test failures.
|
|
|
|
Commit messages should be verbose by default consisting of a short subject line
|
|
(50 chars max), a blank line and detailed explanatory text as separate
|
|
paragraph(s), unless the title alone is self-explanatory (like "Correct typo
|
|
in init.cpp") in which case a single title line is sufficient. Commit messages should be
|
|
helpful to people reading your code in the future, so explain the reasoning for
|
|
your decisions. Further explanation [here](https://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/).
|
|
|
|
If a particular commit references another issue, please add the reference. For
|
|
example: `refs #1234` or `fixes #4321`. Using the `fixes` or `closes` keywords
|
|
will cause the corresponding issue to be closed when the pull request is merged.
|
|
|
|
Commit messages should never contain any `@` mentions (usernames prefixed with "@").
|
|
|
|
Please refer to the [Git manual](https://git-scm.com/doc) for more information
|
|
about Git.
|
|
|
|
- Push changes to your fork
|
|
- Create pull request
|
|
|
|
### Creating the Pull Request
|
|
|
|
The title of the pull request should be prefixed by the component or area that
|
|
the pull request affects. Valid areas as:
|
|
|
|
- `consensus` for changes to consensus critical code
|
|
- `doc` for changes to the documentation
|
|
- `qt` or `gui` for changes to bitcoin-qt
|
|
- `log` for changes to log messages
|
|
- `mining` for changes to the mining code
|
|
- `net` or `p2p` for changes to the peer-to-peer network code
|
|
- `refactor` for structural changes that do not change behavior
|
|
- `rpc`, `rest` or `zmq` for changes to the RPC, REST or ZMQ APIs
|
|
- `script` for changes to the scripts and tools
|
|
- `test`, `qa` or `ci` for changes to the unit tests, QA tests or CI code
|
|
- `util` or `lib` for changes to the utils or libraries
|
|
- `wallet` for changes to the wallet code
|
|
- `build` for changes to the GNU Autotools or MSVC builds
|
|
- `guix` for changes to the GUIX reproducible builds
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
consensus: Add new opcode for BIP-XXXX OP_CHECKAWESOMESIG
|
|
net: Automatically create onion service, listen on Tor
|
|
qt: Add feed bump button
|
|
log: Fix typo in log message
|
|
|
|
The body of the pull request should contain sufficient description of *what* the
|
|
patch does, and even more importantly, *why*, with justification and reasoning.
|
|
You should include references to any discussions (for example, other issues or
|
|
mailing list discussions).
|
|
|
|
The description for a new pull request should not contain any `@` mentions. The
|
|
PR description will be included in the commit message when the PR is merged and
|
|
any users mentioned in the description will be annoyingly notified each time a
|
|
fork of Bitcoin Core copies the merge. Instead, make any username mentions in a
|
|
subsequent comment to the PR.
|
|
|
|
### Translation changes
|
|
|
|
Note that translations should not be submitted as pull requests. Please see
|
|
[Translation Process](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/translation_process.md)
|
|
for more information on helping with translations.
|
|
|
|
### Work in Progress Changes and Requests for Comments
|
|
|
|
If a pull request is not to be considered for merging (yet), please
|
|
prefix the title with [WIP] or use [Tasks Lists](https://docs.github.com/en/github/writing-on-github/getting-started-with-writing-and-formatting-on-github/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax#task-lists)
|
|
in the body of the pull request to indicate tasks are pending.
|
|
|
|
### Address Feedback
|
|
|
|
At this stage, one should expect comments and review from other contributors. You
|
|
can add more commits to your pull request by committing them locally and pushing
|
|
to your fork.
|
|
|
|
You are expected to reply to any review comments before your pull request is
|
|
merged. You may update the code or reject the feedback if you do not agree with
|
|
it, but you should express so in a reply. If there is outstanding feedback and
|
|
you are not actively working on it, your pull request may be closed.
|
|
|
|
Please refer to the [peer review](#peer-review) section below for more details.
|
|
|
|
### Squashing Commits
|
|
|
|
If your pull request contains fixup commits (commits that change the same line of code repeatedly) or too fine-grained
|
|
commits, you may be asked to [squash](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-rebase#_interactive_mode) your commits
|
|
before it will be reviewed. The basic squashing workflow is shown below.
|
|
|
|
git checkout your_branch_name
|
|
git rebase -i HEAD~n
|
|
# n is normally the number of commits in the pull request.
|
|
# Set commits (except the one in the first line) from 'pick' to 'squash', save and quit.
|
|
# On the next screen, edit/refine commit messages.
|
|
# Save and quit.
|
|
git push -f # (force push to GitHub)
|
|
|
|
Please update the resulting commit message, if needed. It should read as a
|
|
coherent message. In most cases, this means not just listing the interim
|
|
commits.
|
|
|
|
If you have problems with squashing or other git workflows, you can enable
|
|
"Allow edits from maintainers" in the right-hand sidebar of the GitHub web
|
|
interface and ask for help in the pull request.
|
|
|
|
Please refrain from creating several pull requests for the same change.
|
|
Use the pull request that is already open (or was created earlier) to amend
|
|
changes. This preserves the discussion and review that happened earlier for
|
|
the respective change set.
|
|
|
|
The length of time required for peer review is unpredictable and will vary from
|
|
pull request to pull request.
|
|
|
|
### Rebasing Changes
|
|
|
|
When a pull request conflicts with the target branch, you may be asked to rebase it on top of the current target branch.
|
|
The `git rebase` command will take care of rebuilding your commits on top of the new base.
|
|
|
|
This project aims to have a clean git history, where code changes are only made in non-merge commits. This simplifies
|
|
auditability because merge commits can be assumed to not contain arbitrary code changes. Merge commits should be signed,
|
|
and the resulting git tree hash must be deterministic and reproducible. The script in
|
|
[/contrib/verify-commits](/contrib/verify-commits) checks that.
|
|
|
|
After a rebase, reviewers are encouraged to sign off on the force push. This should be relatively straightforward with
|
|
the `git range-diff` tool explained in the [productivity
|
|
notes](/doc/productivity.md#diff-the-diffs-with-git-range-diff). To avoid needless review churn, maintainers will
|
|
generally merge pull requests that received the most review attention first.
|
|
|
|
Pull Request Philosophy
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
Patchsets should always be focused. For example, a pull request could add a
|
|
feature, fix a bug, or refactor code; but not a mixture. Please also avoid super
|
|
pull requests which attempt to do too much, are overly large, or overly complex
|
|
as this makes review difficult.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Features
|
|
|
|
When adding a new feature, thought must be given to the long term technical debt
|
|
and maintenance that feature may require after inclusion. Before proposing a new
|
|
feature that will require maintenance, please consider if you are willing to
|
|
maintain it (including bug fixing). If features get orphaned with no maintainer
|
|
in the future, they may be removed by the Repository Maintainer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Refactoring
|
|
|
|
Refactoring is a necessary part of any software project's evolution. The
|
|
following guidelines cover refactoring pull requests for the project.
|
|
|
|
There are three categories of refactoring: code-only moves, code style fixes, and
|
|
code refactoring. In general, refactoring pull requests should not mix these
|
|
three kinds of activities in order to make refactoring pull requests easy to
|
|
review and uncontroversial. In all cases, refactoring PRs must not change the
|
|
behaviour of code within the pull request (bugs must be preserved as is).
|
|
|
|
Project maintainers aim for a quick turnaround on refactoring pull requests, so
|
|
where possible keep them short, uncomplex and easy to verify.
|
|
|
|
Pull requests that refactor the code should not be made by new contributors. It
|
|
requires a certain level of experience to know where the code belongs to and to
|
|
understand the full ramification (including rebase effort of open pull requests).
|
|
|
|
Trivial pull requests or pull requests that refactor the code with no clear
|
|
benefits may be immediately closed by the maintainers to reduce unnecessary
|
|
workload on reviewing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
"Decision Making" Process
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
The following applies to code changes to the Bitcoin Core project (and related
|
|
projects such as libsecp256k1), and is not to be confused with overall Bitcoin
|
|
Network Protocol consensus changes.
|
|
|
|
Whether a pull request is merged into Bitcoin Core rests with the project merge
|
|
maintainers.
|
|
|
|
Maintainers will take into consideration if a patch is in line with the general
|
|
principles of the project; meets the minimum standards for inclusion; and will
|
|
judge the general consensus of contributors.
|
|
|
|
In general, all pull requests must:
|
|
|
|
- Have a clear use case, fix a demonstrable bug or serve the greater good of
|
|
the project (for example refactoring for modularisation);
|
|
- Be well peer-reviewed;
|
|
- Have unit tests, functional tests, and fuzz tests, where appropriate;
|
|
- Follow code style guidelines ([C++](doc/developer-notes.md), [functional tests](test/functional/README.md));
|
|
- Not break the existing test suite;
|
|
- Where bugs are fixed, where possible, there should be unit tests
|
|
demonstrating the bug and also proving the fix. This helps prevent regression.
|
|
- Change relevant comments and documentation when behaviour of code changes.
|
|
|
|
Patches that change Bitcoin consensus rules are considerably more involved than
|
|
normal because they affect the entire ecosystem and so must be preceded by
|
|
extensive mailing list discussions and have a numbered BIP. While each case will
|
|
be different, one should be prepared to expend more time and effort than for
|
|
other kinds of patches because of increased peer review and consensus building
|
|
requirements.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Peer Review
|
|
|
|
Anyone may participate in peer review which is expressed by comments in the pull
|
|
request. Typically reviewers will review the code for obvious errors, as well as
|
|
test out the patch set and opine on the technical merits of the patch. Project
|
|
maintainers take into account the peer review when determining if there is
|
|
consensus to merge a pull request (remember that discussions may have been
|
|
spread out over GitHub, mailing list and IRC discussions).
|
|
|
|
Code review is a burdensome but important part of the development process, and
|
|
as such, certain types of pull requests are rejected. In general, if the
|
|
**improvements** do not warrant the **review effort** required, the PR has a
|
|
high chance of being rejected. It is up to the PR author to convince the
|
|
reviewers that the changes warrant the review effort, and if reviewers are
|
|
"Concept NACK'ing" the PR, the author may need to present arguments and/or do
|
|
research backing their suggested changes.
|
|
|
|
#### Conceptual Review
|
|
|
|
A review can be a conceptual review, where the reviewer leaves a comment
|
|
* `Concept (N)ACK`, meaning "I do (not) agree with the general goal of this pull
|
|
request",
|
|
* `Approach (N)ACK`, meaning `Concept ACK`, but "I do (not) agree with the
|
|
approach of this change".
|
|
|
|
A `NACK` needs to include a rationale why the change is not worthwhile.
|
|
NACKs without accompanying reasoning may be disregarded.
|
|
|
|
#### Code Review
|
|
|
|
After conceptual agreement on the change, code review can be provided. A review
|
|
begins with `ACK BRANCH_COMMIT`, where `BRANCH_COMMIT` is the top of the PR
|
|
branch, followed by a description of how the reviewer did the review. The
|
|
following language is used within pull request comments:
|
|
|
|
- "I have tested the code", involving change-specific manual testing in
|
|
addition to running the unit, functional, or fuzz tests, and in case it is
|
|
not obvious how the manual testing was done, it should be described;
|
|
- "I have not tested the code, but I have reviewed it and it looks
|
|
OK, I agree it can be merged";
|
|
- A "nit" refers to a trivial, often non-blocking issue.
|
|
|
|
Project maintainers reserve the right to weigh the opinions of peer reviewers
|
|
using common sense judgement and may also weigh based on merit. Reviewers that
|
|
have demonstrated a deeper commitment and understanding of the project over time
|
|
or who have clear domain expertise may naturally have more weight, as one would
|
|
expect in all walks of life.
|
|
|
|
Where a patch set affects consensus-critical code, the bar will be much
|
|
higher in terms of discussion and peer review requirements, keeping in mind that
|
|
mistakes could be very costly to the wider community. This includes refactoring
|
|
of consensus-critical code.
|
|
|
|
Where a patch set proposes to change the Bitcoin consensus, it must have been
|
|
discussed extensively on the mailing list and IRC, be accompanied by a widely
|
|
discussed BIP and have a generally widely perceived technical consensus of being
|
|
a worthwhile change based on the judgement of the maintainers.
|
|
|
|
### Finding Reviewers
|
|
|
|
As most reviewers are themselves developers with their own projects, the review
|
|
process can be quite lengthy, and some amount of patience is required. If you find
|
|
that you've been waiting for a pull request to be given attention for several
|
|
months, there may be a number of reasons for this, some of which you can do something
|
|
about:
|
|
|
|
- It may be because of a feature freeze due to an upcoming release. During this time,
|
|
only bug fixes are taken into consideration. If your pull request is a new feature,
|
|
it will not be prioritized until after the release. Wait for the release.
|
|
- It may be because the changes you are suggesting do not appeal to people. Rather than
|
|
nits and critique, which require effort and means they care enough to spend time on your
|
|
contribution, thundering silence is a good sign of widespread (mild) dislike of a given change
|
|
(because people don't assume *others* won't actually like the proposal). Don't take
|
|
that personally, though! Instead, take another critical look at what you are suggesting
|
|
and see if it: changes too much, is too broad, doesn't adhere to the
|
|
[developer notes](doc/developer-notes.md), is dangerous or insecure, is messily written, etc.
|
|
Identify and address any of the issues you find. Then ask e.g. on IRC if someone could give
|
|
their opinion on the concept itself.
|
|
- It may be because your code is too complex for all but a few people, and those people
|
|
may not have realized your pull request even exists. A great way to find people who
|
|
are qualified and care about the code you are touching is the
|
|
[Git Blame feature](https://docs.github.com/en/github/managing-files-in-a-repository/managing-files-on-github/tracking-changes-in-a-file). Simply
|
|
look up who last modified the code you are changing and see if you can find
|
|
them and give them a nudge. Don't be incessant about the nudging, though.
|
|
- Finally, if all else fails, ask on IRC or elsewhere for someone to give your pull request
|
|
a look. If you think you've been waiting for an unreasonably long time (say,
|
|
more than a month) for no particular reason (a few lines changed, etc.),
|
|
this is totally fine. Try to return the favor when someone else is asking
|
|
for feedback on their code, and the universe balances out.
|
|
- Remember that the best thing you can do while waiting is give review to others!
|
|
|
|
|
|
Backporting
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
Security and bug fixes can be backported from `master` to release
|
|
branches.
|
|
If the backport is non-trivial, it may be appropriate to open an
|
|
additional PR to backport the change, but only after the original PR
|
|
has been merged.
|
|
Otherwise, backports will be done in batches and
|
|
the maintainers will use the proper `Needs backport (...)` labels
|
|
when needed (the original author does not need to worry about it).
|
|
|
|
A backport should contain the following metadata in the commit body:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
Github-Pull: #<PR number>
|
|
Rebased-From: <commit hash of the original commit>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Have a look at [an example backport PR](
|
|
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/16189).
|
|
|
|
Also see the [backport.py script](
|
|
https://github.com/bitcoin-core/bitcoin-maintainer-tools#backport).
|
|
|
|
Copyright
|
|
---------
|
|
|
|
By contributing to this repository, you agree to license your work under the
|
|
MIT license unless specified otherwise in `contrib/debian/copyright` or at
|
|
the top of the file itself. Any work contributed where you are not the original
|
|
author must contain its license header with the original author(s) and source.
|