// LoaderDispatcher.java
// (C) 2007 by Michael Peter Christen; mc@yacy.net, Frankfurt a. M., Germany
// first published 24.10.2007 on http://yacy.net
//
// This is a part of YaCy, a peer-to-peer based web search engine
//
// $LastChangedDate$
// $LastChangedRevision$
// $LastChangedBy$
//
// LICENSE
//
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA

package net.yacy.repository;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import net.yacy.cora.document.ASCII;
import net.yacy.cora.document.MultiProtocolURI;
import net.yacy.cora.document.UTF8;
import net.yacy.cora.protocol.ClientIdentification;
import net.yacy.cora.protocol.HeaderFramework;
import net.yacy.cora.protocol.RequestHeader;
import net.yacy.cora.protocol.ResponseHeader;
import net.yacy.cora.services.federated.yacy.CacheStrategy;
import net.yacy.document.Document;
import net.yacy.document.Parser;
import net.yacy.document.TextParser;
import net.yacy.kelondro.data.meta.DigestURI;
import net.yacy.kelondro.logging.Log;
import net.yacy.kelondro.util.FileUtils;
import net.yacy.search.Switchboard;
import net.yacy.search.index.Segments;
import de.anomic.crawler.Cache;
import de.anomic.crawler.CrawlProfile;
import de.anomic.crawler.ZURL.FailCategory;
import de.anomic.crawler.retrieval.FTPLoader;
import de.anomic.crawler.retrieval.FileLoader;
import de.anomic.crawler.retrieval.HTTPLoader;
import de.anomic.crawler.retrieval.Request;
import de.anomic.crawler.retrieval.Response;
import de.anomic.crawler.retrieval.SMBLoader;

public final class LoaderDispatcher {

    private static final long minDelay = 250; // milliseconds; 4 accesses per second
    private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long> accessTime = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long>(); // to protect targets from DDoS

    private final Switchboard sb;
    private final HashSet<String> supportedProtocols;
    private final HTTPLoader httpLoader;
    private final FTPLoader ftpLoader;
    private final SMBLoader smbLoader;
    private final FileLoader fileLoader;
    private final ConcurrentHashMap<DigestURI, Semaphore> loaderSteering; // a map that delivers a 'finish' semaphore for urls
    private final Log log;

    public LoaderDispatcher(final Switchboard sb) {
        this.sb = sb;
        this.supportedProtocols = new HashSet<String>(Arrays.asList(new String[]{"http","https","ftp","smb","file"}));

        // initiate loader objects
        this.log = new Log("LOADER");
        this.httpLoader = new HTTPLoader(sb, this.log);
        this.ftpLoader = new FTPLoader(sb, this.log);
        this.smbLoader = new SMBLoader(sb, this.log);
        this.fileLoader = new FileLoader(sb, this.log);
        this.loaderSteering = new ConcurrentHashMap<DigestURI, Semaphore>();
    }

    public boolean isSupportedProtocol(final String protocol) {
        if ((protocol == null) || (protocol.length() == 0)) return false;
        return this.supportedProtocols.contains(protocol.trim().toLowerCase());
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public HashSet<String> getSupportedProtocols() {
        return (HashSet<String>) this.supportedProtocols.clone();
    }

    /**
     * generate a request object
     * @param url the target url
     * @param forText shows that this was a for-text crawling request
     * @param global shows that this was a global crawling request
     * @return the request object
     */
    public Request request(
            final DigestURI url,
            final boolean forText,
            final boolean global
                    ) {
        return new Request(
                ASCII.getBytes(this.sb.peers.mySeed().hash),
                    url,
                    null,
                    "",
                    new Date(),
                    (forText) ?
                        ((global) ?
                            this.sb.crawler.defaultTextSnippetGlobalProfile.handle() :
                            this.sb.crawler.defaultTextSnippetLocalProfile.handle())
                        :
                        ((global) ?
                            this.sb.crawler.defaultMediaSnippetGlobalProfile.handle() :
                            this.sb.crawler.defaultMediaSnippetLocalProfile.handle()), // crawl profile
                    0,
                    0,
                    0,
                    0);
    }

    public void load(final DigestURI url, final CacheStrategy cacheStratgy, final int maxFileSize, final File targetFile) throws IOException {

        final byte[] b = load(request(url, false, true), cacheStratgy, maxFileSize, true).getContent();
        if (b == null) throw new IOException("load == null");
        final File tmp = new File(targetFile.getAbsolutePath() + ".tmp");

        // transaction-safe writing
        final File parent = targetFile.getParentFile();
        if (!parent.exists()) parent.mkdirs();
        FileUtils.copy(b, tmp);
        tmp.renameTo(targetFile);
    }

    public Response load(final Request request, final CacheStrategy cacheStrategy, final boolean checkBlacklist) throws IOException {
    	return load(request, cacheStrategy, protocolMaxFileSize(request.url()), checkBlacklist);
    }

    public Response load(final Request request, final CacheStrategy cacheStrategy, final int maxFileSize, final boolean checkBlacklist) throws IOException {
        Semaphore check = this.loaderSteering.get(request.url());
        if (check != null) {
            // a loading process may be going on for that url
            try { check.tryAcquire(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);} catch (final InterruptedException e) {}
            // now the process may have terminated and we run a normal loading
            // which may be successful faster because of a cache hit
        }

        this.loaderSteering.put(request.url(), new Semaphore(0));
        try {
            final Response response = loadInternal(request, cacheStrategy, maxFileSize, checkBlacklist);
            check = this.loaderSteering.remove(request.url());
            if (check != null) check.release(1000);
            return response;
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            // release the semaphore anyway
            check = this.loaderSteering.remove(request.url());
            if (check != null) check.release(1000);
            //Log.logException(e);
            throw new IOException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * load a resource from the web, from ftp, from smb or a file
     * @param request the request essentials
     * @param cacheStratgy strategy according to NOCACHE, IFFRESH, IFEXIST, CACHEONLY
     * @return the loaded entity in a Response object
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private Response loadInternal(final Request request, CacheStrategy cacheStrategy, final int maxFileSize, final boolean checkBlacklist) throws IOException {
        // get the protocol of the next URL
        final DigestURI url = request.url();
        if (url.isFile() || url.isSMB()) cacheStrategy = CacheStrategy.NOCACHE; // load just from the file system
        final String protocol = url.getProtocol();
        final String host = url.getHost();

        // check if url is in blacklist
        if (checkBlacklist && host != null && Switchboard.urlBlacklist.isListed(Blacklist.BLACKLIST_CRAWLER, host.toLowerCase(), url.getFile())) {
            this.sb.crawlQueues.errorURL.push(request, this.sb.peers.mySeed().hash.getBytes(), new Date(), 1, FailCategory.FINAL_LOAD_CONTEXT, "url in blacklist", -1);
            throw new IOException("DISPATCHER Rejecting URL '" + request.url().toString() + "'. URL is in blacklist.");
        }

        // check if we have the page in the cache
        final CrawlProfile crawlProfile = this.sb.crawler.getActive(UTF8.getBytes(request.profileHandle()));
        if (crawlProfile != null && cacheStrategy != CacheStrategy.NOCACHE) {
            // we have passed a first test if caching is allowed
            // now see if there is a cache entry

            final ResponseHeader cachedResponse = (url.isLocal()) ? null : Cache.getResponseHeader(url.hash());
            final byte[] content = (cachedResponse == null) ? null : Cache.getContent(url.hash());
            if (cachedResponse != null && content != null) {
                // yes we have the content

                // create request header values and a response object because we need that
                // in case that we want to return the cached content in the next step
                final RequestHeader requestHeader = new RequestHeader();
                requestHeader.put(HeaderFramework.USER_AGENT, ClientIdentification.getUserAgent());
                DigestURI refererURL = null;
                if (request.referrerhash() != null) refererURL = this.sb.getURL(Segments.Process.LOCALCRAWLING, request.referrerhash());
                if (refererURL != null) requestHeader.put(RequestHeader.REFERER, refererURL.toNormalform(true, true));
                final Response response = new Response(
                        request,
                        requestHeader,
                        cachedResponse,
                        "200",
                        crawlProfile,
                        content);

                // check which caching strategy shall be used
                if (cacheStrategy == CacheStrategy.IFEXIST || cacheStrategy == CacheStrategy.CACHEONLY) {
                    // well, just take the cache and don't care about freshness of the content
                    this.log.logInfo("cache hit/useall for: " + url.toNormalform(true, false));
                    return response;
                }

                // now the cacheStrategy must be CACHE_STRATEGY_IFFRESH, that means we should do a proxy freshness test
                assert cacheStrategy == CacheStrategy.IFFRESH : "cacheStrategy = " + cacheStrategy;
                if (response.isFreshForProxy()) {
                    this.log.logInfo("cache hit/fresh for: " + url.toNormalform(true, false));
                    return response;
                } else {
                    this.log.logInfo("cache hit/stale for: " + url.toNormalform(true, false));
                }
            } else if (cachedResponse != null) {
                this.log.logWarning("HTCACHE contained response header, but not content for url " + url.toNormalform(true, false));
            } else if (content != null) {
                this.log.logWarning("HTCACHE contained content, but not response header for url " + url.toNormalform(true, false));
            }
        }

        // check case where we want results from the cache exclusively, and never from the internet (offline mode)
        if (cacheStrategy == CacheStrategy.CACHEONLY) {
            // we had a chance to get the content from the cache .. its over. We don't have it.
            throw new IOException("cache only strategy");
        }

        // now forget about the cache, nothing there. Try to load the content from the internet

        // check access time: this is a double-check (we checked possibly already in the balancer)
        // to make sure that we don't DoS the target by mistake
        if (!url.isLocal()) {
            final Long lastAccess = accessTime.get(host);
            long wait = 0;
            if (lastAccess != null) wait = Math.max(0, minDelay + lastAccess.longValue() - System.currentTimeMillis());
            if (wait > 0) {
                // force a sleep here. Instead just sleep we clean up the accessTime map
                final long untilTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + wait;
                cleanupAccessTimeTable(untilTime);
                if (System.currentTimeMillis() < untilTime)
                    try {Thread.sleep(untilTime - System.currentTimeMillis());} catch (final InterruptedException ee) {}
            }
        }

        // now it's for sure that we will access the target. Remember the access time
        if (host != null) accessTime.put(host, System.currentTimeMillis());

        // load resource from the internet
        Response response = null;
        if (protocol.equals("http") || protocol.equals("https")) {
            response = this.httpLoader.load(request, maxFileSize, checkBlacklist);
        } else if (protocol.equals("ftp")) {
            response = this.ftpLoader.load(request, true);
        } else if (protocol.equals("smb")) {
            response = this.smbLoader.load(request, true);
        } else if (protocol.equals("file")) {
            response = this.fileLoader.load(request, true);
        } else {
            throw new IOException("Unsupported protocol '" + protocol + "' in url " + url);
        }
        if (response == null) {
            throw new IOException("no response (NULL) for url " + url);
        }
        if (response.getContent() == null) {
            throw new IOException("empty response (code " + response.getStatus() + ") for url " + url);
        }

        // we got something. Now check if we want to store that to the cache
        // first check looks if we want to store the content to the cache
        if (crawlProfile == null || !crawlProfile.storeHTCache()) {
            // no caching wanted. Thats ok, do not write any message
            return response;
        }
        // second check tells us if the protocoll tells us something about caching
        final String storeError = response.shallStoreCacheForCrawler();
        if (storeError == null) {
            try {
                Cache.store(url, response.getResponseHeader(), response.getContent());
            } catch (final IOException e) {
                this.log.logWarning("cannot write " + response.url() + " to Cache (3): " + e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        } else {
            this.log.logWarning("cannot write " + response.url() + " to Cache (4): " + storeError);
        }
        return response;
    }

    private int protocolMaxFileSize(final DigestURI url) {
    	if (url.isHTTP() || url.isHTTPS())
    		return this.sb.getConfigInt("crawler.http.maxFileSize", HTTPLoader.DEFAULT_MAXFILESIZE);
    	if (url.isFTP())
    		return this.sb.getConfigInt("crawler.ftp.maxFileSize", (int) FTPLoader.DEFAULT_MAXFILESIZE);
    	if (url.isSMB())
    		return this.sb.getConfigInt("crawler.smb.maxFileSize", (int) SMBLoader.DEFAULT_MAXFILESIZE);
    	return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    }

    /**
     * load the url as byte[] content from the web or the cache
     * @param request
     * @param cacheStrategy
     * @param timeout
     * @return the content as {@link byte[]}
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public byte[] loadContent(final Request request, final CacheStrategy cacheStrategy) throws IOException {
        // try to download the resource using the loader
        final Response entry = load(request, cacheStrategy, true);
        if (entry == null) return null; // not found in web

        // read resource body (if it is there)
        return entry.getContent();
    }

    public Document[] loadDocuments(final Request request, final CacheStrategy cacheStrategy, final int timeout, final int maxFileSize) throws IOException, Parser.Failure {

        // load resource
        final Response response = load(request, cacheStrategy, maxFileSize, true);
        final DigestURI url = request.url();
        if (response == null) throw new IOException("no Response for url " + url);

        // if it is still not available, report an error
        if (response.getContent() == null || response.getResponseHeader() == null) throw new IOException("no Content available for url " + url);

        // parse resource
        return response.parse();
    }

    public Document loadDocument(final DigestURI location, final CacheStrategy cachePolicy) throws IOException {
        // load resource
        Request request = request(location, true, false);
        final Response response = this.load(request, cachePolicy, true);
        final DigestURI url = request.url();
        if (response == null) throw new IOException("no Response for url " + url);

        // if it is still not available, report an error
        if (response.getContent() == null || response.getResponseHeader() == null) throw new IOException("no Content available for url " + url);

        // parse resource
        try {
            Document[] documents = response.parse();
            return Document.mergeDocuments(location, response.getMimeType(), documents);
        } catch(final Parser.Failure e) {
            throw new IOException(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * load all links from a resource
     * @param url the url that shall be loaded
     * @param cacheStrategy the cache strategy
     * @return a map from URLs to the anchor texts of the urls
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public final Map<MultiProtocolURI, String> loadLinks(final DigestURI url, final CacheStrategy cacheStrategy) throws IOException {
        final Response response = load(request(url, true, false), cacheStrategy, Integer.MAX_VALUE, true);
        if (response == null) throw new IOException("response == null");
        final ResponseHeader responseHeader = response.getResponseHeader();
        if (response.getContent() == null) throw new IOException("resource == null");
        if (responseHeader == null) throw new IOException("responseHeader == null");

        Document[] documents = null;
        final String supportError = TextParser.supports(url, responseHeader.mime());
        if (supportError != null) throw new IOException("no parser support: " + supportError);
        try {
            documents = TextParser.parseSource(url, responseHeader.mime(), responseHeader.getCharacterEncoding(), response.getContent());
            if (documents == null) throw new IOException("document == null");
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            throw new IOException("parser error: " + e.getMessage());
        }

        return Document.getHyperlinks(documents);
    }

    public synchronized void cleanupAccessTimeTable(final long timeout) {
    	final Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Long>> i = accessTime.entrySet().iterator();
        Map.Entry<String, Long> e;
        while (i.hasNext()) {
            e = i.next();
            if (System.currentTimeMillis() > timeout) break;
            if (System.currentTimeMillis() - e.getValue().longValue() > minDelay) i.remove();
        }
    }

    public void loadIfNotExistBackground(final DigestURI url, final File cache, final int maxFileSize) {
        new Loader(url, cache, maxFileSize, CacheStrategy.IFEXIST).start();
    }

    public void loadIfNotExistBackground(final DigestURI url, final int maxFileSize) {
        new Loader(url, null, maxFileSize, CacheStrategy.IFEXIST).start();
    }

    private class Loader extends Thread {

        private final DigestURI url;
        private final File cache;
        private final int maxFileSize;
        private final CacheStrategy cacheStrategy;

        public Loader(final DigestURI url, final File cache, final int maxFileSize, final CacheStrategy cacheStrategy) {
            this.url = url;
            this.cache = cache;
            this.maxFileSize = maxFileSize;
            this.cacheStrategy = cacheStrategy;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            if (this.cache != null && this.cache.exists()) return;
            try {
                // load from the net
                final Response response = load(request(this.url, false, true), this.cacheStrategy, this.maxFileSize, true);
                final byte[] b = response.getContent();
                if (this.cache != null) FileUtils.copy(b, this.cache);
            } catch (final MalformedURLException e) {} catch (final IOException e) {}
        }
    }
}