diff --git a/htroot/yacy/crawlOrder.java b/htroot/yacy/crawlOrder.java
index 791d1828b..6719ea853 100644
--- a/htroot/yacy/crawlOrder.java
+++ b/htroot/yacy/crawlOrder.java
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ public final class crawlOrder {
                     if (!newURL.equals(urlv.get(0))) {
                         env.getLog().logWarning("crawlOrder: Received not normalized URL " + urlv.get(0));    
                     }
-                    String refURL = (refv.get(0) == null) ? null : new yacyURL((String) refv.get(0), null).toNormalform(true, true);
+                    yacyURL refURL = (refv.get(0) == null) ? null : new yacyURL((String) refv.get(0), null);
                     if ((refURL != null) && (!refURL.equals(refv.get(0)))) {
                         env.getLog().logWarning("crawlOrder: Received not normalized Referer URL " + refv.get(0) + " of URL " + urlv.get(0));    
                     }
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ public final class crawlOrder {
                     for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                         env.getLog().logFinest("crawlOrder: b: url='" + (String) urlv.get(i) + "'");
                         try {
-                        stackresult = stack(switchboard, new yacyURL((String) urlv.get(i), null), (String) refv.get(i), iam, youare);
+                        stackresult = stack(switchboard, new yacyURL((String) urlv.get(i), null), ((refv.get(i) == null) || (((String) refv.get(i)).length() == 0)) ? null : new yacyURL((String) refv.get(i), null), iam, youare);
                             response = (String) stackresult[0];
                             prop.put("list_" + i + "_job", (String) stackresult[0] + "," + (String) stackresult[1]);
                             prop.put("list_" + i + "_lurl", (String) stackresult[2]);
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ public final class crawlOrder {
         return prop;
     }
 
-    private static Object[] stack(plasmaSwitchboard switchboard, yacyURL url, String referrer, String iam, String youare) {
+    private static Object[] stack(plasmaSwitchboard switchboard, yacyURL url, yacyURL referrer, String iam, String youare) {
         String response, reason, lurl;
         // stack url
         switchboard.getLog().logFinest("crawlOrder: stack: url='" + url + "'");
diff --git a/source/de/anomic/plasma/plasmaCrawlEntry.java b/source/de/anomic/plasma/plasmaCrawlEntry.java
index b86101862..712281286 100644
--- a/source/de/anomic/plasma/plasmaCrawlEntry.java
+++ b/source/de/anomic/plasma/plasmaCrawlEntry.java
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public class plasmaCrawlEntry {
     
     private String   initiator;     // the initiator hash, is NULL or "" if it is the own proxy;
                                     // if this is generated by a crawl, the own peer hash in entered
-    private String   referrer;      // the url's referrer hash
+    private String   refhash;       // the url's referrer hash
     private yacyURL  url;           // the url as string
     private String   name;          // the name of the url, from anchor tag <a>name</a>     
     private long     appdate;       // the time when the url was first time appeared
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public class plasmaCrawlEntry {
     public plasmaCrawlEntry(
                  String initiator, 
                  yacyURL url, 
-                 String referrer, 
+                 String referrerhash, 
                  String name, 
                  Date appdate,
                  String profileHandle,
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ public class plasmaCrawlEntry {
         if ((initiator == null) || (initiator.length() == 0)) initiator = yacyURL.dummyHash;
         this.initiator     = initiator;
         this.url           = url;
-        this.referrer      = (referrer == null) ? yacyURL.dummyHash : referrer;
+        this.refhash       = (referrerhash == null) ? yacyURL.dummyHash : referrerhash;
         this.name          = (name == null) ? "" : name;
         this.appdate       = (appdate == null) ? 0 : appdate.getTime();
         this.profileHandle = profileHandle; // must not be null
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ public class plasmaCrawlEntry {
         if (urlstring == null) throw new IOException ("url string is null");
         this.initiator = entry.getColString(1, null);
         this.url = new yacyURL(urlstring, entry.getColString(0, null));
-        this.referrer = (entry.empty(3)) ? yacyURL.dummyHash : entry.getColString(3, null);
+        this.refhash = (entry.empty(3)) ? yacyURL.dummyHash : entry.getColString(3, null);
         this.name = (entry.empty(4)) ? "" : entry.getColString(4, "UTF-8").trim();
         this.appdate = entry.getColLong(5);
         this.profileHandle = (entry.empty(6)) ? null : entry.getColString(6, null).trim();
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public class plasmaCrawlEntry {
                 this.url.hash().getBytes(),
                 (initiator == null) ? "".getBytes() : this.initiator.getBytes(),
                 this.url.toString().getBytes(),
-                this.referrer.getBytes(),
+                this.refhash.getBytes(),
                 namebytes,
                 appdatestr,
                 (this.profileHandle == null) ? null : this.profileHandle.getBytes(),
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ public class plasmaCrawlEntry {
 
     public String referrerhash() {
         // the urlhash of a referer url
-        return this.referrer;
+        return this.refhash;
     }
 
     public String initiator() {
diff --git a/source/de/anomic/plasma/plasmaCrawlStacker.java b/source/de/anomic/plasma/plasmaCrawlStacker.java
index 4ccf35a65..9f86eac0b 100644
--- a/source/de/anomic/plasma/plasmaCrawlStacker.java
+++ b/source/de/anomic/plasma/plasmaCrawlStacker.java
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ public final class plasmaCrawlStacker extends Thread {
         return new plasmaCrawlEntry(entry);
     }
     
-    public String stackCrawl(yacyURL url, String referrerhash, String initiatorHash, String name, Date loadDate, int currentdepth, plasmaCrawlProfile.entry profile) {
+    public String stackCrawl(yacyURL url, yacyURL referrer, String initiatorHash, String name, Date loadDate, int currentdepth, plasmaCrawlProfile.entry profile) {
         // stacks a crawl item. The position can also be remote
         // returns null if successful, a reason string if not successful
         //this.log.logFinest("stackCrawl: nexturlString='" + nexturlString + "'");
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ public final class plasmaCrawlStacker extends Thread {
         plasmaCrawlEntry entry = new plasmaCrawlEntry(
                 initiatorHash,                               // initiator, needed for p2p-feedback
                 url,                                         // url clear text string
-                referrerhash,                                // last url in crawling queue
+                (referrer == null) ? null : referrer.hash(), // last url in crawling queue
                 name,                                        // load date
                 loadDate,                                    // the anchor name
                 (profile == null) ? null : profile.handle(), // profile must not be null!