bitcoin/src/validationinterface.h

// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#ifndef BITCOIN_VALIDATIONINTERFACE_H
#define BITCOIN_VALIDATIONINTERFACE_H

#include <kernel/chain.h>
#include <kernel/cs_main.h>
#include <primitives/transaction.h> // CTransaction(Ref)
#include <sync.h>

#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <functional>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>

namespace util {
class TaskRunnerInterface;
} // namespace util

class BlockValidationState;
class CBlock;
class CBlockIndex;
struct CBlockLocator;
enum class MemPoolRemovalReason;
struct RemovedMempoolTransactionInfo;
struct NewMempoolTransactionInfo;

/**
 * Implement this to subscribe to events generated in validation and mempool
 *
 * Each CValidationInterface() subscriber will receive event callbacks
 * in the order in which the events were generated by validation and mempool.
 * Furthermore, each ValidationInterface() subscriber may assume that
 * callbacks effectively run in a single thread with single-threaded
 * memory consistency. That is, for a given ValidationInterface()
 * instantiation, each callback will complete before the next one is
 * invoked. This means, for example when a block is connected that the
 * UpdatedBlockTip() callback may depend on an operation performed in
 * the BlockConnected() callback without worrying about explicit
 * synchronization. No ordering should be assumed across
 * ValidationInterface() subscribers.
 */
class CValidationInterface {
protected:
    /**
     * Protected destructor so that instances can only be deleted by derived classes.
     * If that restriction is no longer desired, this should be made public and virtual.
     */
    ~CValidationInterface() = default;
    /**
     * Notifies listeners when the block chain tip advances.
     *
     * When multiple blocks are connected at once, UpdatedBlockTip will be called on the final tip
     * but may not be called on every intermediate tip. If the latter behavior is desired,
     * subscribe to BlockConnected() instead.
     *
     * Called on a background thread. Only called for the active chainstate.
     */
    virtual void UpdatedBlockTip(const CBlockIndex *pindexNew, const CBlockIndex *pindexFork, bool fInitialDownload) {}
    /**
     * Notifies listeners of a transaction having been added to mempool.
     *
     * Called on a background thread.
     */
    virtual void TransactionAddedToMempool(const NewMempoolTransactionInfo& tx, uint64_t mempool_sequence) {}

    /**
     * Notifies listeners of a transaction leaving mempool.
     *
     * This notification fires for transactions that are removed from the
     * mempool for the following reasons:
     *
     * - EXPIRY (expired from mempool after -mempoolexpiry hours)
     * - SIZELIMIT (removed in size limiting if the mempool exceeds -maxmempool megabytes)
     * - REORG (removed during a reorg)
     * - CONFLICT (removed because it conflicts with in-block transaction)
     * - REPLACED (removed due to RBF replacement)
     *
     * This does not fire for transactions that are removed from the mempool
     * because they have been included in a block. Any client that is interested
     * in transactions removed from the mempool for inclusion in a block can learn
     * about those transactions from the MempoolTransactionsRemovedForBlock notification.
     *
     * Transactions that are removed from the mempool because they conflict
     * with a transaction in the new block will have
     * TransactionRemovedFromMempool events fired *before* the BlockConnected
     * event is fired. If multiple blocks are connected in one step, then the
     * ordering could be:
     *
     * - TransactionRemovedFromMempool(tx1 from block A)
     * - TransactionRemovedFromMempool(tx2 from block A)
     * - TransactionRemovedFromMempool(tx1 from block B)
     * - TransactionRemovedFromMempool(tx2 from block B)
     * - BlockConnected(A)
     * - BlockConnected(B)
     *
     * Called on a background thread.
     */
    virtual void TransactionRemovedFromMempool(const CTransactionRef& tx, MemPoolRemovalReason reason, uint64_t mempool_sequence) {}
    /*
     * Notifies listeners of transactions removed from the mempool as
     * as a result of new block being connected.
     * MempoolTransactionsRemovedForBlock will be fired before BlockConnected.
     *
     * Called on a background thread.
     */
    virtual void MempoolTransactionsRemovedForBlock(const std::vector<RemovedMempoolTransactionInfo>& txs_removed_for_block, unsigned int nBlockHeight) {}
    /**
     * Notifies listeners of a block being connected.
     * Provides a vector of transactions evicted from the mempool as a result.
     *
     * Called on a background thread.
     */
    virtual void BlockConnected(ChainstateRole role, const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> &block, const CBlockIndex *pindex) {}
    /**
     * Notifies listeners of a block being disconnected
     * Provides the block that was disconnected.
     *
     * Called on a background thread. Only called for the active chainstate, since
     * background chainstates should never disconnect blocks.
     */
    virtual void BlockDisconnected(const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> &block, const CBlockIndex* pindex) {}
    /**
     * Notifies listeners of the new active block chain on-disk.
     *
     * Prior to this callback, any updates are not guaranteed to persist on disk
     * (ie clients need to handle shutdown/restart safety by being able to
     * understand when some updates were lost due to unclean shutdown).
     *
     * When this callback is invoked, the validation changes done by any prior
     * callback are guaranteed to exist on disk and survive a restart, including
     * an unclean shutdown.
     *
     * Provides a locator describing the best chain, which is likely useful for
     * storing current state on disk in client DBs.
     *
     * Called on a background thread.
     */
    virtual void ChainStateFlushed(ChainstateRole role, const CBlockLocator &locator) {}
    /**
     * Notifies listeners of a block validation result.
     * If the provided BlockValidationState IsValid, the provided block
     * is guaranteed to be the current best block at the time the
     * callback was generated (not necessarily now).
     */
    virtual void BlockChecked(const CBlock&, const BlockValidationState&) {}
    /**
     * Notifies listeners that a block which builds directly on our current tip
     * has been received and connected to the headers tree, though not validated yet.
     */
    virtual void NewPoWValidBlock(const CBlockIndex *pindex, const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock>& block) {};
    friend class ValidationSignals;
    friend class ValidationInterfaceTest;
};

class ValidationSignalsImpl;
class ValidationSignals {
private:
    std::unique_ptr<ValidationSignalsImpl> m_internals;

public:
    // The task runner will block validation if it calls its insert method's
    // func argument synchronously. In this class func contains a loop that
    // dispatches a single validation event to all subscribers sequentially.
    explicit ValidationSignals(std::unique_ptr<util::TaskRunnerInterface> task_runner);

    ~ValidationSignals();

    /** Call any remaining callbacks on the calling thread */
    void FlushBackgroundCallbacks();

    size_t CallbacksPending();

    /** Register subscriber */
    void RegisterValidationInterface(CValidationInterface* callbacks);
    /** Unregister subscriber. DEPRECATED. This is not safe to use when the RPC server or main message handler thread is running. */
    void UnregisterValidationInterface(CValidationInterface* callbacks);
    /** Unregister all subscribers */
    void UnregisterAllValidationInterfaces();

    // Alternate registration functions that release a shared_ptr after the last
    // notification is sent. These are useful for race-free cleanup, since
    // unregistration is nonblocking and can return before the last notification is
    // processed.
    /** Register subscriber */
    void RegisterSharedValidationInterface(std::shared_ptr<CValidationInterface> callbacks);
    /** Unregister subscriber */
    void UnregisterSharedValidationInterface(std::shared_ptr<CValidationInterface> callbacks);

    /**
     * Pushes a function to callback onto the notification queue, guaranteeing any
     * callbacks generated prior to now are finished when the function is called.
     *
     * Be very careful blocking on func to be called if any locks are held -
     * validation interface clients may not be able to make progress as they often
     * wait for things like cs_main, so blocking until func is called with cs_main
     * will result in a deadlock (that DEBUG_LOCKORDER will miss).
     */
    void CallFunctionInValidationInterfaceQueue(std::function<void ()> func);

    /**
     * This is a synonym for the following, which asserts certain locks are not
     * held:
     *     std::promise<void> promise;
     *     CallFunctionInValidationInterfaceQueue([&promise] {
     *         promise.set_value();
     *     });
     *     promise.get_future().wait();
     */
    void SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue() LOCKS_EXCLUDED(cs_main);

    void UpdatedBlockTip(const CBlockIndex *, const CBlockIndex *, bool fInitialDownload);
    void TransactionAddedToMempool(const NewMempoolTransactionInfo&, uint64_t mempool_sequence);
    void TransactionRemovedFromMempool(const CTransactionRef&, MemPoolRemovalReason, uint64_t mempool_sequence);
    void MempoolTransactionsRemovedForBlock(const std::vector<RemovedMempoolTransactionInfo>&, unsigned int nBlockHeight);
    void BlockConnected(ChainstateRole, const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> &, const CBlockIndex *pindex);
    void BlockDisconnected(const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> &, const CBlockIndex* pindex);
    void ChainStateFlushed(ChainstateRole, const CBlockLocator &);
    void BlockChecked(const CBlock&, const BlockValidationState&);
    void NewPoWValidBlock(const CBlockIndex *, const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock>&);
};

#endif // BITCOIN_VALIDATIONINTERFACE_H